Table 2. Rate of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) by various patient demographic and clinical characteristics.

CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

**Benchmark; *Significant at 5%

Characteristics	Base (N)	CIN rate, % (n)	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Total	282	13.1% (37)	-	-
Gender
Male	193	15.5% (30)	2.16 (0.91-5.12)	0.076
Female**	89	7.9% (7)
Age (years)
30 to 55 years	120	12.5% (15)	0.91 (0.45-1.84)	0.791
56 to 70 years**	162	13.6% (22)
Hypertension
Hypertensive	222	14.4% (32)	1.85 (0.69-4.98)	0.216
Non-hypertensive**	60	8.3% (5)
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic	96	19.8% (19)	2.3 (1.14-4.63)	0.017*
Non-diabetic**	186	9.7% (18)
Smoking
Smokers	78	12.8% (10)	0.96 (0.44-2.1)	0.926
Non-smokers**	204	13.2% (27)
Contrast amount used (mL)
>200 mL	36	27.8% (10)	3.12 (1.36-7.17)	0.005*
≤200 mL**	246	11% (27)