Table. Characteristics and Trends of e-Cigarette Use Prevalence Among Adults in the US, 2016-2018.
| Variable | Weighted % (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016 vs 2017 | 2017 vs 2018 | |
| Overall current e-cigarette use | 4.5 (4.4 to 4.6) | 4.4 (4.3 to 4.5) | 5.4 (5.2 to 5.6) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 5.6 (5.3 to 5.8) | 5.4 (5.2 to 5.7) | 6.9 (6.5 to 7.2) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) |
| Female | 3.5 (3.4 to 3.7) | 3.4 (3.2 to 3.6) | 4.1 (3.9 to 4.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0) |
| Age, y | |||||
| 18-24 | 9.2 (8.7 to 9.8) | 10.0 (9.4 to 10.7) | 15.0 (14.0 to 16.1) | 0.8 (−0.1 to 1.7) | 5.0 (3.8 to 6.2) |
| 25-29 | 7.5 (6.9 to 8.1) | 7.2 (6.7 to 7.9) | 9.7 (8.8 to 10.7) | −0.2 (−1.0 to 0.6) | 2.5 (1.3 to 3.6) |
| 30-34 | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.2) | 5.9 (5.4 to 6.4) | 8.1 (7.2 to 9.1) | 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9) | 2.2 (1.1 to 3.3) |
| 35-39 | 5.2 (4.8 to 5.7) | 5.1 (4.7 to 5.6) | 7.4 (6.6 to 8.4) | −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.6) | 2.3 (1.3 to 3.4) |
| 40-44 | 4.6 (4.1 to 5.2) | 4.4 (3.9 to 5.0) | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.1) | −0.2 (−1.0 to 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.7 to 0.9) |
| 45-49 | 4.4 (3.9 to 5.0) | 3.5 (3.1 to 3.9) | 4.6 (3.9 to 5.3) | −0.9 (−1.6 to −0.3) | 1.1 (0.3 to 1.9) |
| 50-54 | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3) | 3.6 (3.2 to 3.9) | 3.7 (3.2 to 4.3) | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3) | 0.1 (−0.5 to 0.8) |
| 55-59 | 3.5 (3.2 to 3.9) | 3.0 (2.7 to 3.4) | 3.0 (2.7 to 3.3) | −0.5 (−1.0 to 0.03) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.4) |
| ≥60 | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.3) | −0.2 (−0.7 to 0.3) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 5.1 (4.9 to 5.2) | 5.0 (4.8 to 5.2) | 5.8 (5.6 to 6.1) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.1) |
| Black or African American | 3.4 (3.1 to 3.8) | 3.2 (2.8 to 3.6) | 3.7 (3.2 to 4.2) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.3) | 0.5 (−0.2 to 1.1) |
| Hispanic | 2.9 (2.6 to 3.3) | 2.9 (2.6 to 3.3) | 4.9 (4.2 to 5.7) | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.5) | 1.9 (1.1 to 2.7) |
| Other | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.5) | 4.4 (3.9 to 4.9) | 6.4 (5.7 to 7.2) | −0.5 (−1.3 to 0.3) | 1.9 (1.0 to 2.8) |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.4) | 4.0 (3.8 to 4.2) | 5.1 (4.9 to 5.4) | −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.1) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Lesbian/gay | 7.2 (5.7 to 9.1) | 6.9 (5.4 to 8.6) | 10.7 (8.2 to 13.9) | −0.3 (−2.7 to 2.0) | 3.8 (0.6 to 7.1) |
| Bisexual | 11.0 (9.3 to 13.0) | 9.5 (7.9 to 11.4) | 12.5 (10.7 to 14.6) | −1.6 (−4.1 to 1.0) | 3.0 (0.4 to 5.6) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 2.9 (2.7 to 3.0) | 2.8 (2.6 to 2.9) | 3.1 (2.9 to 3.3) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.3 (0.04 to 0.6) |
| Divorced | 5.8 (5.4 to 6.2) | 5.0 (4.6 to 5.4) | 6.3 (5.7 to 6.9) | −0.8 (−1.4 to −0.3) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.0) |
| Widowed | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.3) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.2) | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1) | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.3) |
| Single | 7.3 (7.0 to 7.6) | 7.5 (7.2 to 7.8) | 10.3 (9.8 to 10.8) | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) | 2.8 (2.2 to 3.4) |
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 4.8 (4.4 to 5.3) | 4.6 (4.2 to 5.0) | 5.4 (4.8 to 6.1) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4) | 0.8 (0.1 to 1.6) |
| High school and some college | 5.5 (5.3 to 5.7) | 5.5 (5.3 to 5.7) | 6.6 (6.3 to 6.9) | −0.03 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) |
| College graduate | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.3) | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.1) | 2.8 (2.6 to 3.0) | −0.2 (−0.3 to 0.0) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 4.9 (4.8 to 5.1) | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.9) | 6.1 (5.8 to 6.4) | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.7) |
| Unemployed | 5.6 (5.3 to 6.0) | 5.5 (5.2 to 5.9) | 5.9 (5.4 to 6.4) | −0.1(−0.5 to 0.3) | 0.4 (−0.2 to 1.0) |
| Student | 6.3 (5.6 to 7.0) | 7.2 (6.4 to 8.0) | 12.0 (10.6 to 13.6) | 0.9 (−0.2 to 1.9) | 4.8 (3.1 to 6.5) |
| Retired | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.4) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.0) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4) |
| Income | |||||
| Below poverty line | 5.4 (5.0 to 5.8) | 5.3 (4.9 to 5.8) | 6.9 (6.3 to 7.5) | −0.1 (−0.7 to 0.5) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.3) |
| Within 100%-200% above poverty line | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.5) | 4.6 (4.3 to 4.9) | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.6) | −0.7 (−1.1 to −0.2) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.1) |
| >200% above poverty line | 4.0 (3.8 to 4.2) | 3.8 (3.6 to 4.0) | 5.0 (4.7 to 5.2) | −0.2 (0.4 to 0.0) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) |
| Metropolitan area | |||||
| Center city | 2.8 (2.6 to 3.1) | 2.4 (2.1 to 2.7) | 2.4 (2.0 to 2.8) | −0.4 (−0.8 to −0.1) | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.5) |
| Same county as center city | 2.7 (2.4 to 3.0) | 2.2 (1.9 to 2.6) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.5) | −0.5 (−0.9 to 0.0) | 1.1 (0.1 to 2.2) |
| Suburban county | 3.0 (2.6 to 3.3) | 2.7 (2.3 to 3.1) | 2.9 (2.4 to 3.4) | −0.3 (−0.8 to 0.2) | 0.2(−0.4 to 0.8) |
| Outside metropolitan area | 3.5 (3.1 to 4.0) | 3.1 (2.7 to 3.5) | 2.5 (2.1 to 2.9) | −0.5 (−1.1 to 0.1) | −0.6 (−1.1 to 0.0) |
| Combustible cigarette smoking | |||||
| Never | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) | 2.3 (2.1 to 2.5) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.3) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
| Former | 5.3 (5.0 to 5.6) | 5.3 (5.0 to 5.6) | 6.9 (6.4 to 7.4) | 0.0 (−0.4 to 0.4) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.2) |
| Current | 14.7 (14.1 to 15.2) | 13.6 (13.1 to 14.2) | 14.7 (13.9 to 15.5) | −1.0 (−1.7 to −0.2) | 1.0 (0.1 to 2.0) |
| Use of other tobacco productsa | |||||
| No | 4.3 (4.2 to 4.4) | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.3) | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.0) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) |
| Yes | 9.4 (8.5 to 10.4) | 10.1 (9.1 to 11.2) | 11.0 (9.7 to 12.4) | 0.7 (−0.7 to 2.0) | 0.9 (−0.8 to 2.6) |
| Heavy alcohol use | |||||
| No | 4.2 (4.1 to 4.3) | 4.1 (4.0 to 4.3) | 4.9 (4.7 to 5.2) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) |
| Yes | 8.6 (7.9 to 9.3) | 8.1 (7.4 to 8.8) | 11.5 (10.5 to 12.6) | −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.5) | 3.4 (2.1 to 4.6) |
| Marijuana use | |||||
| No | 3.9 (3.7 to 4.2) | 2.6 (2.3 to 2.8) | 3.7 (3.4 to 4.0) | −1.4 (−1.7 to −1.0) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.6) |
| Yes | 16.2 (14.4 to 18.2) | 11.2 (9.4 to 13.3) | 21.3 (18.9 to 23.9) | −5.0 (−7.7 to −2.2) | 10.1 (6.9 to 13.2) |
| Binge drinking | |||||
| No | 3.7 (3.5 to 3.8) | 3.6 (3.5 to 3.7) | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) |
| Yes | 8.6 (8.2 to 9.1) | 8.2 (7.8 to 8.7) | 11.8 (11.1 to 12.6) | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.2) | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.5) |
| Cardiovascular diseaseb,c | |||||
| No | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.8) | 4.6 (4.5 to 4.8) | 6.1 (5.9 to 6.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) |
| Yes | 7.1 (6.0 to 8.3) | 7.3 (5.8 to 9.2) | 6.4 (5.2 to 7.9) | 0.3 (−1.7 to 2.3) | −0.9(−3.1 to 1.2) |
| Cancerc | |||||
| No | 4.8 (4.6 to 4.9) | 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8) | 6.1 (5.9 to 6.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) |
| Yes | 6.5 (5.6 to 7.5) | 6.6 (5.5 to 7.8) | 8.0 (6.4 to 10.0) | 0.1 (−1.4 to 1.5) | 1.5(−0.7 to 3.6) |
| Asthmac | |||||
| No | 4.5 (4.4 to 4.7) | 4.4 (4.3 to 4.6) | 5.8 (5.6 to 6.1) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) |
| Yes | 6.7 (6.2 to 7.2) | 6.2 (5.7 to 6.8) | 7.7 (6.9 to 8.5) | −0.5 (−1.2 to 0.3) | 1.5 (0.5 to 2.5) |
| COPDc | |||||
| No | 4.5 (4.4 to 4.7) | 4.5 (4.3 to 4.6) | 5.9 (5.7 to 6.1) | −0.05 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) |
| Yes | 10.2 (9.2 to 11.2) | 9.3 (8.3 to 10.4) | 11.7 (10.2 to 13.4) | −0.9 (−2.4 to 0.5) | 2.4 (0.5 to 4.3) |
| Diabetesc | |||||
| No | 4.8 (4.7 to 5.0) | 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8) | 6.2 (5.9 to 6.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) |
| Prediabetes | 5.0 (3.8 to 6.4) | 5.2 (3.5 to 7.6) | 8.4 (5.4 to 12.9) | 0.2 (−2.2 to 2.6) | 3.2 (−1.0 to 7.4) |
| Yes | 5.0 (4.4 to 5.7) | 5.8 (4.7 to 7.1) | 6.2 (4.9 to 7.7) | 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.1) | 0.4 (−1.4 to 2.2) |
| Chronic kidney diseasec | |||||
| No | 4.8 (4.6 to 4.9) | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.9) | 6.1 (5.9 to 6.4) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) |
| Yes | 6.5 (5.3 to 8.0) | 5.9 (4.6 to 7.5) | 7.1 (5.0 to 9.8) | −0.7 (−2.6 to 1.3) | 1.2 (−1.5 to 4.0) |
| Depressionc | |||||
| No | 3.9 (3.8 to 4.1) | 3.8 (3.7 to 4.0) | 5.2 (4.9 to 5.5) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) |
| Yes | 9.1 (8.7 to 9.5) | 8.5 (8.1 to 8.9) | 10.2 (9.6 to 10.8) | −0.6 (−1.2 to −0.06) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.4) |
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Defined as current use of chewing tobacco, snuff, or snus every day or some days.
b
Defined as history of myocardial infarction, stroke, angina, or coronary heart disease.
c
Age standardized estimates are shown.