Table. Demographic Features and Echocardiographic and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Parameters in Competitive Athletes Recovering From Coronavirus Disease 2019a.
Athlete No. | Sex | Symptoms | Time CMR performed after positive test result, d | Echocardiography, mL/m2 | CMR, % | Native T1, ms | ECV, % | Maximal T2, ms, (AHA segments) | LGE (pattern/AHA segments) | CMR (updated Lake Louise Criteria) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LVEDV | RVEDV | LVEF | RVEF | |||||||||
1 | Male | No | 21 | Not done | Not done | 60 | 49 | 1034 | 21 | 51 (9) | Yes (RV insertion; 9) | Normal |
2 | Male | No | 22 | 51 | 46 | 56 | 59 | 964 | 24 | 48 (9) | Yes (patchy; 6, 8) | Normal |
3 | Male | No | 22 | 65 | 60 | 60 | 64 | 953 | 22 | 48 (10) | Yes (patchy, 5) | Normal |
4 | Male | No | 15 | 65 | 48 | 59 | 54 | 905 | 20 | 48 (9) | Yes (linear; 8, 12) | Normal |
5 | Male | No | 17 | 66 | 57 | 55 | 54 | 994 | 24 | 55 (9) | Yes (epicardial; 3, 9) | Myocarditis |
6 | Male | Yes | 23 | 73 | 52 | 61 | 62 | 947 | 26 | 63 (3, 9) | Yes (patchy; 3, 9) | Myocarditis |
7 | Male | Yes | 53 | 66 | 64 | 53 | 52 | 991 | 25 | 49 (7, 9) | Yes (linear, patchy; 8, 9, 12) | Normal |
8 | Male | No | 20 | 76 | 36 | 56 | 53 | 963 | 17 | 51 (10) | No | Normal |
9 | Male | Yes | 18 | 60 | 71 | 56 | 52 | 964 | 24 | 52 (7) | Yes (patchy; 3, 9) | Normal |
10 | Male | Yes | 11 | 67 | 70 | 61 | 58 | 929 | 25 | 58 (8, 9) | Yes (patchy; 2, 3, 8, 9) | Myocarditis |
11 | Male | No | 23 | 57 | 49 | 63 | 60 | 987 | 22 | 53 (7) | No | Normal |
12 | Male | Yes | 28 | 72 | 59 | 50 | 53 | 966 | 28 | 53 (7, 8) | No | Normal |
13 | Male | No | 28 | 81 | 52 | 33 | 53 | 925 | 25 | 53 (7, 8) | No | Normal |
14 | Male | No | 11 | 46 | 41 | 65 | 54 | 989 | 24 | 53 (8) | No | Normal |
15 | Male | No | 48 | 56 | 51 | 59 | 57 | 1003 | 25 | 53 (7) | Yes (RV insertion; 9) | Normal |
16 | Female | Yes | 23 | 68 | 50 | 64 | 58 | 1001 | 26 | 52 (8) | No | Normal |
17 | Female | Yes | 23 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 60 | 1030 | 28 | 48 (10) | No | Normal |
18 | Female | No | 21 | 53 | 35 | 65 | 66 | 1008 | 25 | 48 (9) | No | Normal |
19 | Female | Yes | 17 | 60 | 32 | 63 | 57 | 978 | 26 | 53 (8) | No | Normal |
20 | Female | No | 31 | 62 | 51 | 58 | 59 | 1002 | 25 | 52 (8) | No | Normal |
21 | Female | Yes | 31 | 52 | 40 | 60 | 60 | 946 | 28 | 53 (8) | No | Normal |
22 | Female | Yes | 30 | 67 | 49 | 59 | 64 | 1000 | 27 | 52 (8) | Yes (linear; 12) | Normal |
23 | Female | Yes | 30 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 55 | 964 | 26 | 53 (11) | No | Normal |
24 | Female | Yes | 26 | 52 | 49 | 55 | 57 | 1010 | 30 | 53 (10) | No | Normal |
25 | Female | No | 31 | 56 | 36 | 56 | 56 | 1027 | 28 | 50 (7) | No | Normal |
26 | Male | No | 12 | 80 | 44 | 60 | 53 | 969 | 21 | 61 (8) | Yes (linear; 8, 9) | Myocarditis |
Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; ECV, extracellular volume fraction; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricular; RV, right ventricular.
Symptoms refer to symptoms during short-term infection. Echo volumes were calculated by 3-dimensional method. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging–derived left and right ventricular volumes and function were measured from contiguous short-axis cine images using semiautomated software for endocardial segmentation using endocardial and epicardial contours at end systole and end diastole per standard protocol. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging–derived myocardial T1 and T2 mapping and ECV were done per standard guidelines. Mean (SD) native T1 less than 999 (31) milliseconds, native T2 of less than 53 milliseconds, and ECV of less than 29% were considered normal per institutional protocol based on phantom and human volunteer experiments. T2 and LGE were only considered significant if seen in 2 orthogonal planes.