Figure 1. Screening, Randomization, and Follow-up of Participants in the REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

COVID-19 indicates coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; and REMAP-CAP, Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

^aPatients could meet more than 1 ineligibility criterion.

^bThe primary analysis of alternative interventions within the corticosteroid domain is estimated from a model that adjusts for patient factors and for assignment to interventions in other domains. To obtain the most reliable estimation of the effect of these patient factors and of other interventions on the primary outcome, all patients enrolled in the severe COVID-19 cohort (for whom there is consent and follow-up) are included. Importantly, however, the model also factors eligibility for the corticosteroid domain and its interventions, such that the final estimate of a corticosteroid domain intervention’s effectiveness relative to any other within that domain is generated from those patients that might have been randomized to either.