Table 1. Crude Rates of Firearm-Related Homicide per 100 000 Population Perpetrated by Youth Aged 18 to 20 Years Among States With and Without Minimum Age Laws for Purchase and Possession of Handguns Stricter Than the Federal Lawa.
| State | No stricter purchase and possession laws | Stricter purchase and possession laws | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State-years | No. of firearm-related homicides | Total population | Firearm homicide rate per 100 000 population | State-years | No. of firearm-related homicides | Total population | Firearm homicide rate per 100 000 population | |
| Alabama | 22 | 567 | 101 848 236 | 0.56 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Alaska | 22 | 84 | 14 835 898 | 0.57 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arizona | 23 | 568 | 134 950 758 | 0.42 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arkansas | 23 | 487 | 64 473 823 | 0.76 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Colorado | 23 | 424 | 109 066 841 | 0.39 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Florida | 23 | 1470 | 409 413 498 | 0.36 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Idaho | 18 | 57 | 25 620 926 | 0.22 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Indiana | 23 | 642 | 145 044 584 | 0.44 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kansas | 18 | 224 | 50 638 019 | 0.44 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kentucky | 23 | 308 | 96 740 527 | 0.32 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Louisiana | 23 | 1157 | 103 805 492 | 1.11 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Maine | 13 | 18 | 16 832 328 | 0.11 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Maryland | 1 | 88 | 5 070 033 | 1.74 | 22 | 825 | 123 598 986 | 0.67 |
| Massachusetts | 4 | 51 | 24 819 097 | 0.21 | 19 | 289 | 124 365 141 | 0.23 |
| Michigan | 23 | 1595 | 228 342 528 | 0.70 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Minnesota | 23 | 300 | 118 390 918 | 0.25 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mississippi | 23 | 489 | 66 723 038 | 0.73 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Montana | 13 | 21 | 12 452 917 | 0.17 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Nebraska | 19 | 69 | 34 013 015 | 0.20 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Nevada | 23 | 265 | 55 096 738 | 0.48 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| New Hampshire | 7 | 9 | 8 886 275 | 0.10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| New Jersey | 6 | 205 | 49 529 277 | 0.41 | 17 | 555 | 148 571 467 | 0.37 |
| New Mexico | 23 | 237 | 44 762 716 | 0.53 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| New York | 5 | 373 | 93 407 741 | 0.40 | 18 | 911 | 348 110 237 | 0.26 |
| North Carolina | 23 | 1381 | 204 572 241 | 0.68 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| North Dakota | 4 | 4 | 2 804 931 | 0.14 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Oklahoma | 23 | 5160 | 83 334 714 | 0.62 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Oregon | 23 | 114 | 84 344 244 | 0.14 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pennsylvania | 23 | 1501 | 287 807 625 | 0.52 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| South Dakota | 8 | 17 | 6 431 200 | 0.26 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Tennessee | 23 | 1416 | 139 452 453 | 1.02 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Texas | 23 | 3186 | 540 407 202 | 0.59 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Utah | 23 | 188 | 58 560 121 | 0.32 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vermont | 4 | 8 | 2 436 718 | 0.33 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Virginia | 23 | 1377 | 175 460 286 | 0.78 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| West Virginia | 21 | 97 | 38 424 793 | 0.25 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wisconsin | 22 | 685 | 122 208 212 | 0.56 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wyoming | 5 | 7 | 2 585 288 | 0.27 | 2 | 5 | 1 146 606 | 0.44 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
All states with less than 23 total years of data had missing firearm homicide data in select years. We excluded 12 states that had stricter minimum age laws in place before the 1994 changes in federal law because they did not represent the suitable counterfactual for our exposure (ie, nonimplementation of stricter minimum age laws).