Table 2. Prevalence of hyperopic and myopic visual impairment by age, gender, class-level, school location, student type and parental education.
| Children with Visual Impairment | Children without Visual Impairment | Total Number Examined | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperopia* | Myopia† | Emmetropia | |||
| No. (%; 95% CI) | No. (%; 95% CI) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Age (yrs) | |||||
| 9–10 | 20 (3.21; 1.75–4.67) | 26 (4.17; 2.31–6.04) | 45 (7.22) | 532 (85.4) | 623 |
| 11–12 | 38 (2.49; 1.67–3.31) | 85 (5.57; 4.31–6.83) | 118 (7.73) | 1285 (84.2) | 1526 |
| 13–14 | 29 (1.95; 1.19–2.72) | 103 (6.94; 5.61–8.27) | 120 (8.09) | 1232 (83.0) | 1484 |
| 15–16 | 13 (1.25; 0.50–1.99) | 88 (8.43; 6.48–10.4) | 98 (9.40) | 844 (80.9) | 1043 |
| 17–18 | 8 (2.59; 0.64–4.53) | 29 (9.38; 6.11–12.7) | 24 (7.77) | 248 (80.3) | 309 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 42 (1.73; 1.19–2.28) | 138 (5.57; 4.73–6.70) | 192 (7.95) | 2044 (84.6) | 2416 |
| Female | 66 (2.57; 1.91–3.23) | 193 (7.51; 6.31–8.72) | 213 (8.29) | 2097 (81.6) | 2569 |
| Class-Level | |||||
| IV | 28 (3.71; 2.14–5.28) | 21 (2.78; 1.21–4.36) | 60 (7.95) | 646 (85.6) | 755 |
| V | 11 (1.36; 0.59–2.13) | 45 (5.56; 3.66–7.47) | 41 (5.07) | 712 (88.0) | 809 |
| VI | 27 (3.38; 2.11–4.64) | 51 (6.38; 4.54–8.21) | 77 (9.63) | 645 (80.6) | 800 |
| VII | 19 (2.25; 1.00–3.49) | 57 (6.74; 4.63–8.85) | 67 (7.92) | 703 (83.1) | 846 |
| VIII | 9 (1.05; 0.22–1.88) | 58 (6.77; 4.86–8.68) | 71 (8.28) | 719 (83.9) | 857 |
| IX | 14 (1.52; 0.63–2.42) | 99 (10.8; 8.34–13.2) | 89 (9.68) | 717 (78.0) | 918 |
| School Location | |||||
| Rural | 55 (2.07; 1.42–2.72) | 142 (5.35; 4.28–6.43) | 238 (8.97) | 2218 (83.6) | 2653 |
| Urban | 53 (2.27; 1.62–2.93) | 189 (8.10; 6.84–9.37) | 167 (7.16) | 1923 (82.5) | 2332 |
| Student Type | |||||
| Day | 80 (2.25; 1.71–2.79) | 242 (6.80; 5.81–7.79) | 287 (8.06) | 2950 (82.9) | 3559 |
| Boarder | 28 (1.96; 1.13–2.79) | 89 (6.24; 4.72–7.76) | 118 (8.27) | 1191 (83.5) | 1426 |
| Parental Education | |||||
| None | 35 (1.81; 1.17–2.45) | 113 (5.84; 4.80–6.88) | 154 (7.96) | 1632 (84.4) | 1934 |
| Primary | 18 (1.62; 0.83–2.43) | 59 (5.34; 3.74–6.94) | 84 (7.60) | 944 (85.4) | 1105 |
| Low/Mid Secondary | 19 (2.35; 1.07–3.64) | 50 (6.20; 4.35–8.04) | 76 (9.42) | 662 (82.0) | 807 |
| Higher Secondary | 21 (3.25; 1.79–4.70) | 57 (8.81; 6.60–11.0) | 49 (7.57) | 520 (80.4) | 647 |
| Tertiary | 13 (2.95; 1.50–4.41) | 48 (10.9; 8.25–13.6) | 35 (7.95) | 344 (78.2) | 440 |
| Missing Information | 2 (3.85) | 4 (7.69) | 7 (13.5) | 39 (75.0) | 52 |
| All | 108 (2.17; 1.71–2.62) | 331 (6.64; 5.82–7.46) | 405 (8.12) | 4141 (83.1) | 4985 |
CI = confidence interval.
* Spherical equivalent of +2.00 diopters (D) or more in either eye.
† Spherical equivalent of -0.50 D or more in either eye.