. 2020 Sep 2;3(9):e2015643. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15643

Table 5. Associations of IOM Recommendation–Based GWG With Prevalence of Childhood Allergic Diseases Stratified by Maternal Prepregnancy BMI.

Characteristic	95% CI
	Allergic diseases		Asthma/wheezing		Allergic rhinitis		Eczema		Food/drug allergy
	Crude	Adjusted^a	Crude	Adjusted^a	Crude	Adjusted^a	Crude	Adjusted^a	Crude	Adjusted^a
Maternal prepregnancy BMI <18.5
Below IOM^b	0.91 (0.85-0.98)^c	0.93 (0.87-0.98)^c	0.81 (0.69-0.95)^c	0.80 (0.68-0.94)^c	0.89 (0.79-1.00)^c	0.88 (0.78-1.00)^c	0.90 (0.82-0.98)^c	0.90 (0.82-0.99)^c	0.90 (0.73-1.10)	0.89 (0.73-1.10)
P value	.01	.01	.01	.007	.05	.05	.02	.02	.30	.29
Within IOM^d	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Mildly above IOM^e	1.05 (0.96-1.15)	1.03 (0.94-1.11)	1.16 (0.95-1.41)	1.14 (0.93-1.40)	1.17 (1.01-1.35)^c	1.15 (0.99-1.34)	1.03 (0.91-1.17)	1.02 (0.90-1.16)	1.23 (0.95-1.61)	1.22 (0.94-1.60)
P value	.28	.63	.14	.20	.04	.06	.64	.72	.16	.14
Extremely above IOM^f	1.07 (0.97-1.18)	1.07 (0.99-1.16)	1.07 (0.86-1.33)	1.08 (0.86-1.35)	1.14 (0.97-1.34)	1.12 (0.95-1.32)	1.11 (0.98-1.25)	1.09 (0.96-1.24)	1.30 (1.00-1.70)	1.26 (0.96-1.67)
P value	.16	.10	.57	.52	.11	.17	.10	.17	.05	.10
Maternal prepregnancy BMI 18.5-22.9
Below IOM^b	0.90 (0.86-0.93)^c	0.91 (0.88-0.95)^c	0.87 (0.80-0.95)^c	0.87 (0.80-0.95)^c	0.88 (0.83-0.95)^c	0.88 (0.82-0.94)^c	0.84 (0.80-0.89)^c	0.84 (0.80-0.89)^c	0.83 (0.73-0.94)^c	0.92 (0.80-1.04)^c
P value	<.001	<.001	.002	.02	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	.003	.003
Within IOM^d	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Mildly above IOM^e	1.02 (0.98-1.07)	1.01 (0.97-1.05)	1.04 (0.94-1.14)	1.02 (0.92-1.13)	1.08 (1.00-1.17)^c	1.08 (1.00-1.16)	1.02 (0.96-1.08)	1.01 (095-1.08)	1.10 (0.96-1.26)	122 (0.94-1.60)
P value	.36	.73	.50	.68	.04	.06	.58	.74	.17	.28
Extremely above IOM^f	1.05 (1.00-1.11)	1.03 (0.99-1.08)^c	1.17 (1.05-1.31)^c	1.17 (1.04-1.31)^c	1.06 (0.96-1.16)	1.06 (0.97-1.16)	1.08 (1.01-1.16)^c	1.08 (1.01-1.16)^c	1.05 (0.89-1.25)	1.26 (0.96-1.67)
P value	.06	.18	.005	.008	.24	.25	.03	.03	.88	.10
Maternal prepregnancy BMI >23.0
Below IOM^b	0.91 (0.78-1.06)	0.89 (0.78-1.02)	0.92 (0.68-1.24)	0.92 (0.67-1.25)	0.85 (0.66-1.11)	0.87 (0.67-1.14)	0.85 (0.68-1.05)	0.84 (0.68-1.05)	0.94 (0.64-1.37)	0.91 (0.62-1.35)
P value	.20	.10	.57	.59	.23	.31	.14	.13	.73	.65
Within IOM^d	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Mildly above IOM^e	1.06 (0.96-1.18)	1.05 (0.96-1.14)	1.18 (0.96-1.46)	1.21 (0.97-1.50)	1.05 (0.87-1.25)	1.07 (0.89-1.28)	1.08 (0.94-1.25)	1.09 (0.95-1.26)	0.85 (0.62-1.16)	0.89 (0.65-1.23)
P value	.27	.34	.12	.10	.62	.51	.28	.23	.10	.48
Extremely above IOM^f	1.16 (1.05-1.27)^c	1.12 (1.03-1.22)^c	1.37 (1.13-1.67)^c	1.42 (1.16-1.74)^c	1.28 (1.09-1.51)^c	1.32 (1.12-1.56)^c	1.22 (1.07-1.39)^c	1.24 (1.08-1.41)^c	1.16 (0.88-1.53)	1.22 (0.92-1.62)
P value	.003	.009	.002	.001	.003	.001	.004	.002	.93	.16

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GWG, gestational weight gain; IOM, Institute of Medicine; PR, prevalence ratios.

^{^a}

Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, paternal age at delivery, family income, parity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, paternal smoking during pregnancy, family history of allergic disease.

^{^b}

Below the range recommended by the IOM.

^{^c}

Statistically significant findings.

^{^d}

Within the range recommended by the IOM.

^{^e}

The range is from the IOM-recommended threshold to the median of the remaining values.

^{^f}

The range is from the median to the maximum.