Figure 4. Safety Outcomes.

All models adjust for health system, clinic size, age range (ie, 18-39, 40-60, and ≥61 years), sex, imaging modality, Charlson Comorbidity Index category (ie, 0, 1, 2, and ≥3), seasonality, and health system specific time trends. The emergency department (ED) visit model includes hierarchical random effects for clinic (intercept and treatment) and primary care professional (intercept only). The mortality model uses general estimating equations with clustering on clinic.