Table 1. Characteristics of Patient Population.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | Vitamin D deficient | |||
| Yes (<20 ng/mL) | No (≥20 ng/mL) | |||
| No. of patients | 489 | 172 | 317 | |
| Age, y | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 49.2 (18.4) | 45.9 (17.6) | 51.0 (18.6) | .004b |
| <50 | 260 (53) | 109 (63) | 151 (48) | .004 |
| 50-64 | 122 (25) | 33 (19) | 89 (28) | |
| ≥65 | 107 (22) | 30 (17) | 77 (24) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 366 (75) | 133 (77) | 233 (74) | .38 |
| Male | 123 (25) | 39 (23) | 84 (27) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 158 (32) | 30 (17) | 128 (40) | <.001 |
| Other than White | 331 (68) | 142 (83) | 189 (60) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 41 (8) | 14 (8) | 27 (9) | >.99 |
| Non-Hispanic | 448 (92) | 158 (92) | 290 (91) | |
| Employee status, UCM employee | ||||
| Yes | 161 (33) | 59 (34) | 102 (32) | .69 |
| No | 328 (67) | 113 (66) | 215 (68) | |
| Vitamin D level evaluated in past year | 489 (100) | 172 (100) | 317 (100) | |
| Most recent vitamin D <20 ng/mL | 172 (35) | 172 (100) | 0 | |
| Interpretation | ||||
| Likely deficientc | 124 (25) | 124 (72) | ||
| Uncertain deficiencyd | 48 (10) | 48 (28) | ||
| Uncertain deficiencye | 30 (5) | 30 (9) | ||
| Likely sufficientf | 287 (59) | 287 (91) | ||
| Days since most recent vitamin D level | ||||
| Mean | 162 | 156 | 166 | .30 |
| Median | 151 | 129 | 159 | .10 |
| Comorbidity indicators | ||||
| Hypertension | 261 (53) | 89 (52) | 172 (54) | .64 |
| Diabetes | 137 (28) | 51 (30) | 86 (27) | .60 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 117 (24) | 43 (25) | 74 (23) | .74 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 20 (4) | 9 (5) | 11 (3) | .35 |
| Depression | 119 (24) | 45 (26) | 74 (23) | .51 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 116 (24) | 36 (21) | 80 (25) | .32 |
| Liver disease | 56 (11) | 17 (10) | 39 (12) | .46 |
| Comorbidities with immunosuppression | 105 (21) | 36 (21) | 69 (22) | .91 |
| BMI | ||||
| Mean | 29.8 | 30.4 | 29.4 | .22b |
| ≥30 | 229 (47) | 88 (51) | 141 (44) | .18 |
| Most recent active vitamin D treatment before COVID-19 test | <.001 | |||
| None | 212 (43) | 80 (47) | 132 (42) | .34 |
| 1-1000 IU D3/multivitamin | 113 (23) | 28 (16) | 85 (27) | .01 |
| 2000 IU D3 | 60 (12) | 7 (4) | 53 (17) | <.001 |
| ≥3000 IU D3 | 20 (4) | 10 (6) | 10 (3) | .16 |
| D2 | 76 (16) | 44 (26) | 32 (10) | <.001 |
| Calcitriol | 8 (2) | <5g | 5 (2) | >.99 |
| Test positive for COVID-19 | 71 (15) | 32 (19) | 39 (12) | .06 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; UCM, University of Chicago Medicine.
P values were determined using the Fisher exact test except where otherwise indicated.
t Test.
Answer was yes to most recent vitamin D level within 1 year being deficient (<20 ng/mL); dose was stable or decreased after last visit. Vitamin D dose was rank-ordered as follows: calcitriol > 3000+ IU D3 > 2000 IU D3 > D2 > 1-1000 IU D3/multivitamin > no vitamin D.
Answer was yes to most recent vitamin D level within 1 year being deficient (<20 ng/mL); dose was increased after last visit. Vitamin D dose was rank-ordered as follows: calcitriol > 3000+ IU D3 > 2000 IU D3 > D2 > 1-1000 IU D3/multivitamin > no vitamin D.
Answer was no to most recent vitamin D level within 1 year being deficient (<20 ng/mL); dose was decreased after last visit. Vitamin D dose was rank-ordered as follows: calcitriol > 3000+ IU D3 > 2000 IU D3 > D2 > 1-1000 IU D3/multivitamin > no vitamin D.
Answer was no to most recent vitamin D level within 1 year being deficient (<20 ng/mL); dose was stable or increased after last visit. Vitamin D dose was rank-ordered as follows: calcitriol > 3000+ IU D3 > 2000 IU D3 > D2 > 1-1000 IU D3/multivitamin > no vitamin D.
Frequency counts of 5 or less have been masked in this table to preserve confidentiality.