Table 2. Univariable and Multivariable Cox Proportional Regression Analysis of Factors Associated With Overall Survival.
| Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age at diagnosis, continuous | 1.02 (1.02-1.03) | .001 | 1.02 (1.01-1.02) | .001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Women | 0.88 (0.81-0.96) | .003 | 0.94 (0.86-1.04) | .24 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Black | 1.07 (0.93-1.24) | .36 | 1.09 (0.93-1.27) | .28 |
| Other | 0.75 (0.59-0.94) | .01 | 0.81 (0.64-1.04) | .09 |
| County-level residents without high school diploma, %a | ||||
| ≥13 | 1.06 (0.97-1.15) | .19 | NA | NA |
| <13 | 1 [Reference] | NA | NA | NA |
| Median county-level income, $a | ||||
| ≥35 000 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| <35 000 | 1.14 (1.05-1.23) | .003 | 1.07 (0.98-1.17) | .12 |
| Place of residencea | ||||
| Urban | 1 [Reference] | NA | NA | NA |
| Rural | 1.10 (0.85-1.43) | .46 | NA | NA |
| Hospital type | ||||
| Academic | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Community | 1.36 (1.25-1.49) | .001 | 1.27 (1.16-1.38) | .001 |
| Insurance statusa | ||||
| Insured | 1 [Reference] | NA | NA | NA |
| Not insured | 1.08 (0.89-1.32) | .42 | NA | NA |
| Charlson/Deyo score | ||||
| 0 | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| ≥1 | 1.23 (1.12-1.34) | .001 | 1.15 (1.05-1.26) | .004 |
| Year of diagnosisa | ||||
| 2014-2016 | 1 [Reference] | NA | NA | NA |
| 2010-2013 | 1.03 (0.94-1.13) | .54 | NA | NA |
| Type of cancer | ||||
| Kidney | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Breast | 0.92 (0.81-1.04) | .18 | 0.96 (0.83-1.12) | .60 |
| NSCLC | 0.74 (0.66-0.83) | .001 | 0.80 (0.71-0.90) | .001 |
| CRC | 1.33 (1.14-1.56) | .001 | 1.43 (1.21-1.69) | .001 |
| Melanoma | 1.86 (1.62-2.14) | .001 | 1.97 (1.70-2.29) | .001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| Yes | 0.61 (0.56-0.66) | <.001 | 0.68 (0.62-0.75) | .001 |
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Radiation therapy | ||||
| Yes | 0.79 (0.72-0.87) | <.001 | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | .21 |
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Immunotherapy | ||||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.60-0.88) | <.001 | 0.62 (0.51-0.76) | .001 |
| No | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer.
a
These variables were not included in the multivariable analysis because they had P > .15 in the univariable analysis.