Table 3. Association Between Characteristics at Time of Dialysis Initiation and Cardiovascular Disease–Related Causes of Death in Children vs Young Adults by Decade of Follow-up.

Risk factor	Young adults, SHR (95% CI)		Children, SHR (95% CI)
	1995-2004	2005-2015	1995-2004	2005-2015
Age at dialysis initiation per 1-y increase	1.03 (1.02-1.04)	1.01 (0.99-1.02)	1.00 (0.97-1.02)	0.92 (0.89-0.94)
Female vs male patients	1.17 (1.09-1.25)	1.23 (1.13-1.34)	1.25 (1.00-1.56)	1.08 (0.80-1.47)
Race
Non-Hispanic White	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Black	1.51 (1.39-1.64)	1.30 (1.18-1.44)	1.85 (1.43-2.39)	1.38 (0.95-2.01)
Hispanic White	0.76 (0.67-0.86)	0.78 (0.68-0.89)	0.63 (0.44-0.91)	0.85 (0.56-1.29)
Asian	0.92 (0.74-1.14)	0.70 (0.55-0.91)	0.65 (0.28-1.50)	1.22 (0.56-2.68)
Median income	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.00)
Cause of ESKD vs cystic disease
GN	1.00 (0.81-1.25)	1.11 (0.82-1.51)	1.03 (0.68-1.56)	0.98 (0.54-1.79)
Hypertension	1.19 (0.95-1.50)	1.14 (0.84-1.56)	1.83 (1.01-3.31)	2.55 (1.27-5.15)
Diabetes	1.64 (1.24-2.16)	1.47 (1.05-2.05)	1.08 (0.30-3.86)	1.11 (0.31-4.01)
Comorbidities at ESKD onset
CAD	1.58 (1.30-1.91)	1.39 (1.08-1.80)	7.81 (3.55-17.2)	1.85 (0.74-4.65)
CHF	1.54 (1.39-1.70)	1.72 (1.53-1.94)	3.37 (2.28-4.98)	5.09 (2.82-9.17)
Stroke	1.64 (1.32-2.05)	1.53 (1.20-1.94)	1.94 (0.84-4.44)	0.94 (0.30-2.91)
Hypertension	0.91 (0.84-0.99)	1.00 (0.90-1.12)	1.09 (0.86-1.38)	1.39 (0.98-1.97)
Diabetes	1.55 (1.29-1.86)	2.16 (1.83-2.55)	1.53 (0.65-3.55)	2.81 (1.38-5.70)
Calendar year per 1-y increase	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.94 (0.92-0.95)	0.97 (0.93-1.01)	0.86 (0.81-0.90)

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; SHR, sub-hazard ratio.