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. 2020 Sep 9;13:2239–2246. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S263319

Table 3.

Annual Prevalence MSDs on Mechanical and Work-Related/Ergonomic Factors Among Cleaners, Mekelle University, Ethiopia. (n=264)

Variables Frequency (%) MSDs
Yes (%)
Working hours per day < 8 hours 169 (64) 98 (58)
≥ 8 hours 95 (36) 40 (42.1)
Working posture Standing 20 (7.6) 16 (80)
Sitting 15 (5.7) 12 (80)
Bending 99 (37.5) 17 (17.2)
Combination of movements 130 (49.2) 93 (7.5)
Awkward posture Yes 165 (62.5) 121 (73.3)
No 99 (37.5) 17 (17.2)
Overhead activities Yes 175 (66.3) 102 (58.3)
No 89 (33.7) 36 (40.4)
Working >2 hours in sustaining position Yes 222 (84.1) 133 (59.9)
No 42 (15.9) 5 (11.9)
Repeated movements (twisting/bending) Yes 245 (92.8) 132 (53.9)
No 19 (7.2) 6 (9.9)