Figure 4.

Polyanhydride nanoparticles induce a differential metabolic profile of activation and no induction nitric oxide. BMDCs were stimulated with either NPs, CpG ODN, or control as described in materials and methods. (A) Nitric oxide production was measure indirectly via Griess assay as nitrite concentration in the cell supernatant 48 hours after stimulation. BMDCs generated from BALB/c mice were stimulated for 18 hours with, CpG ODN, or non-stimulated control. Stimulated BMDCs were seeded into 24-well seahorse plates coated with Cell-Tak at a density of 2.5 x 10⁵ cells per well and a mitochondrial stress test (MST) was conducted. (B) Kinetic results of the MST oxygen consumption rate (OCR) are shown along with (C) ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiratory capacity, and spare respiratory capacity calculated from the MST. Significance between treatments was determined via one-way ANOVA with a Tukey posttest. P value is indicated as *p ≤ 0.05. All bar graphs and symbols represent the treatment average ± SEM.