Table 5.
The Lumbar Spine Angle of Both Groups
| NBP Group | LBP Group | P | 95% CI | Cohen’s d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean ± SD | Lower | Upper | ||||
| Flex/Ext | FC | −11.1±11.0 | −6.0±8.0 | 0.039 | −9.956 | −0.258 | 0.53 |
| TO | 1.5±10.4 | 5.8±9.0 | 0.078 | −9.017 | 0.489 | 0.44 | |
| HE | 6.8±11.3 | 9.5±7.9 | 0.276 | −7.654 | 2.234 | 0.28 | |
| KF | 6.2±14.3 | 7.2±11.3 | 0.765 | −7.170 | 5.296 | 0.07 | |
| BI | −20.4±12.4 | −21.1±11.7 | 0.823 | −5.259 | 6.589 | −0.06 | |
| HF | −33.7±17.4 | −32.5±14.1 | 0.767 | −8.833 | 6.544 | 0.07 | |
| Lateral bend | FC | 9.0±5.3 | 8.6±5.3 | 0.767 | −2.212 | 2.988 | −0.07 |
| TO | −20.4±5.2 | 1.4±6.2 | 0.917 | −2.695 | 2.993 | 3.82 | |
| HE | 11.0±4.7 | 9.7±6.1 | 0.335 | −1.349 | 3.898 | −0.24 | |
| KF | 13.2±6.2 | 12.2±6.3 | 0.497 | −2.023 | 4.123 | −0.17 | |
| BI | 9.1±8.2 | 7.8±7.8 | 0.514 | −2.640 | 5.220 | −0.16 | |
| HF | 4.3±7.1 | 7.1±9.0 | 0.174 | −6.818 | 1.257 | 0.34 | |
| Rotation | FC | −3.5±6.6 | −6.6±7.9 | 0.100 | −0.594 | 6.624 | −0.42 |
| TO | 16.6±4.7 | 15.2±5.2 | 0.234 | −0.974 | 3.916 | −0.30 | |
| HE | 20.3±6.3 | 18.4±6.3 | 0.231 | −1.219 | 4.955 | −0.30 | |
| KF | 9.5±6.8 | 7.5±5.6 | 0.198 | −1.063 | 5.023 | −0.32 | |
| BI | −1.2±5.2 | −1.7±6.3 | 0.737 | −2.395 | 3.370 | −0.08 | |
| HF | −13.9±8.6 | −12.1±9.0 | 0.408 | −6.148 | 2.531 | 0.21 | |
Notes: The positive/negative values denote the extension/flexion, lateral bend to the kick/support-side, and axial rotation to the support/kick-side, respectively. The significant and tendency of P-values were indicated by boldface type.
Abbreviations: LBP, low back pain group; NBP, no low back pain group; FC, foot contact; TO, toe-off; HE, maximum hip extension; KF, maximum knee flexion; BI, ball impact; HF, maximum hip flexion; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval for difference.