Table 6.

The Kick-Side Hip Angle of Both Groups

		NBP Group	LBP Group	P	95% CI		Cohen’s d
		Mean±SD	Mean ± SD		lower	upper
Flex/Ext	FC	37.2±10.3	45.1±10.8	0.003*	−13.127	−2.719	0.75
	TO	−6.0±6.1	−3.5±5.6	0.081*	−5.416	0.327	0.43
	HE	−26.2±6.4	−22.4±7.3	0.032*	−7.169	−0.328	0.54
	KF	−4.7±9.6	0.7±10.6	0.034*	−10.458	−0.423	0.54
	BI	14.7±9.9	19.1±10.0	0.077*	−9.331	0.487	0.44
	HF	50.5±13.5	52.1±13.5	0.638	−8.241	5.089	0.12
Abduction/Adduction	FC	2.5±4.9	0.9±5.3	0.220	−0.960	4.102	−0.31
	TO	14.7±3.8	−5.5±5.3	0.688	−2.662	1.767	−4.39
	HE	−17.6±6.5	−15.6±5.9	0.206	−5.001	1.100	0.31
	KF	−27.4±5.6	−25.8±5.1	0.209	−4.281	0.953	0.31
	BI	−22.5±5.2	−20.8±5.4	0.187	−4.348	0.867	0.33
	HF	12.9±10.7	10.7±10.4	0.404	−3.006	7.375	−0.21
Rotation	FC	−14.8±8.8	−10.1±6.5	0.016*	−8.398	−0.908	0.60
	TO	−14.1±8.5	−11.2±9.1	0.198	−7.226	1.527	0.32
	HE	−14.4±8.6	−10.2±8.9	0.055*	−8.520	0.091	0.48
	KF	−1.8±11.3	2.9±12.0	0.111	−10.415	1.098	0.40
	BI	5.0±8.5	5.2±11.6	0.918	−5.386	4.856	0.03
	HF	−9.4±11.5	−4.0±11.5	0.060*	−11.069	0.242	0.47

Notes: The positive/negative values denote the flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and internal/external rotation, respectively. * Significant and tendency of P-values.

Abbreviations: LBP, low back pain group; NBP, no low back pain group; FC, foot contact; TO, toe-off; HE, maximum hip extension; KF, maximum knee flexion; BI, ball impact; HF, maximum hip flexion; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval for difference.