Table 3.
Most Frequent Indications for Orthodontic Treatment in Each Stage
| Primary Dentition (4–5): | |
| Anterior crossbite | 18 (11.8%) |
| Posterior crossbite | 7 (4.6%) |
| Sucking habit | 68 (44.7%) |
| Open bite caused by sucking habits | 43 (28.3%) |
| Dental manifestations of tongue thrust | 37 (24.3%) |
| Mouth breathing | 42 (27.8%) |
| Severe Class III malocclusion | 14 (9.2%) |
| Early mixed dentition (7–9 years): | |
| Anterior crossbite | 113 (74.3%) |
| Posterior crossbite | 64 (42.1%) |
| Sucking habit | 75 (49.3%) |
| Open bite caused by sucking habits | 77 (50.7%) |
| Dental manifestations of tongue thrust | 79 (52%) |
| Mouth breathing | 82 (54.3%) |
| Incisor ectopic eruption | 83 (54.6%) |
| Moderate crowding (3–6 mm) | 55 (36.2%) |
| Severe crowding (>6 mm) | 48(31.6%) |
| Maxillary midline diastema > 2 mm | 28 (18.4%) |
| Severe Class II division 1 with increased overjet | 63 (41.4%) |
| Severe Class II division 2 with severe deep bite | 49 (32.5%) |
| Severe Class III malocclusion | 70 (46.1%) |
| Skeletal open bite | 47 (31.3%) |
| Late mixed dentition (10–13 years): | |
| Anterior crossbite | 34 (22.4%) |
| Posterior crossbite | 78 (51.3%) |
| Sucking habit | 31 (20.4%) |
| Open bite caused by sucking habits | 46 (30.3%) |
| Dental manifestations of tongue thrust | 48 (31.6%) |
| Mouth breathing | 45 (29.8%) |
| Incisor ectopic eruption | 55 (36.2%) |
| Moderate crowding (3–6 mm) | 72 (47.4%) |
| Severe crowding (>6 mm) | 72 (47.4%) |
| Maxillary midline diastema > 2 mm | 78 (51.3%) |
| Impacted canines | 74 (48.7%) |
| Severe Class II division 1 with increased overjet | 91 (59.9%) |
| Severe Class II division 2 with severe deep bite | 95 (62.9%) |
| Severe Class III malocclusion | 70 (46.1%) |
| Skeletal open bite | 64 (42.7%) |
| Permanent dentition (14+ years): | |
| Anterior crossbite | 9 (5.9%) |
| Posterior crossbite | 19 (12.5%) |
| Open bite caused by sucking habits | 10 (6.6%) |
| Dental manifestations of tongue thrust | 13 (8.6%) |
| Mouth breathing | 12 (7.9%) |
| Incisor ectopic eruption | 21 (13.8%) |
| Moderate crowding (3–6 mm) | 40 (26.3%) |
| Severe crowding (>6 mm) | 48 (31.6%) |
| Maxillary midline diastema > 2 mm | 58 (38.2%) |
| Impacted canines | 82 (53.9%) |
| Severe Class II division 1 with increased overjet | 56 (36.8%) |
| Severe Class II division 2 with severe deep bite | 58 (38.4%) |
| Severe Class III malocclusion | 45 (29.6%) |
| Skeletal open bite | 60 (40%) |