Table 4.
Preferred Appliances Used in Each Developmental Stage
| Appliance | Primary Dentition | Early Mixed Dentition | Late Mixed Dentition | Permanent Dentition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quad Helix | 7 (4.6%) | 14 (9.2%) | 20 (13.2%) | 29 (19.1%) |
| Removable appliance | 70 (46.1%) | 98 (64.5%) | 61 (40.1%) | 17 (11.2%) |
| Functional appliance/activator | 58 (38.2%) | 71 (46.7%) | 70 (46%) | 19 (12.5%) |
| Clear Aligners (eg Invisalign, eCligner) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 34 (22.4%) |
| Full arch fixed appliances | 13 (8.6%) | 5 (3.3%) | 52 (34.2%) | 149 (98.1%) |
| Partial arch fixed appliances (ie 2X4) | 14 (9.2%) | 56 (36.8%) | 78 (51.3%) | 13 (8.6%) |
| Protraction facemask | 12 (7.9%) | 22 (14.5%) | 27 (17.8%) | 19 (12.5%) |
| Rapid maxillary expander | 19 (12.5%) | 49 (32.2%) | 61 (40.1%) | 42 (27.6%) |
| Headgear | 10 (6.6%) | 16 (10.5%) | 21 (13.8%) | 14 (9.2%) |
| Chin-cup | 10 (6.6%) | 15 (9.9%) | 14 (9.2%) | 4 (2.6%) |
| None used | 49 (32.2%) | 10 (6.6%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (3.9%) |