Table 3.

Associations of epidemic-related impacts with patient-reported outcomes of skin diseases (N=506).

Exposure group		Perceived stress (VASa ≥7)			Depression (PHQ-9b ≥8)			Anxiety (GAD-7c ≥8)			Impaired quality of life (DLQId ≥10)
		aORe,f	95% CI	P value	aOR	95% CI	P value	aOR	95% CI	P value	aOR	95% CI	P value
Isolation
	Unaffected	Refg	N/Ah	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A
	Restricted	0.90	0.52-1.56	.71	1.36	0.84-2.21	.21	1.39	0.73-2.64	.31	1.22	0.70-2.12	.48
	Isolated	1.02	0.59-1.77	.93	1.81	1.13-2.89	.013	2.20	1.23-3.96	.008	1.78	1.05-3.01	.03
Loss of income
	Unaffected	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A
	Reduced	1.59	0.91-2.79	.10	2.22	1.38-3.57	.001	1.64	0.88-3.06	.12	1.27	0.73-2.20	.40
	Complete loss	4.05	2.13-7.72	<.001	2.56	1.43-4.58	.002	2.48	1.19-5.13	.02	2.62	1.40-4.92	.003
Unemployment
	Unaffected	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A
	Unemployed	2.41	1.42-4.08	.001	2.11	1.30-3.43	.003	2.60	1.45-4.65	.001	2.59	1.54-4.35	<.001
Adherence to treatment
	Adherent	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A	Ref	N/A	N/A
	No treatment needed	0.81	0.461.41	.45	0.86	0.52-1.44	.26	0.66	0.33-1.29	.22	0.58	0.32-1.04	.07
	Nonadherent	0.81	0.46-1.42	.46	1.39	0.84-2.31	.68	1.39	0.75-2.58	0.297	1.35	0.78-2.33	.29

^aVAS: Visual Analog Scale.

^bPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

^cGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

^dDLQI: Dermatology Life Quality Index.

^eaOR: adjusted odds ratio.

^fAdjusted for age, gender, income, and educational level.

^gRef: reference group.

^hN/A: not applicable.