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How the gut microbiota, modified by diet or other factors, may potentially modulate host metabolic pathways and blood metabolites, as suggested by the current literature. Solid black lines/arrows indicate stimulation; dashed gray lines/arrows indicate inhibition. ChREBP, carbohydrate-response element-binding protein; Fiaf, fasting-induced adipose factor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1.
