TABLE 1.
Differences in blood metabolites in obese and lean individuals at baseline and after the intervention1
| Phenotypes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention and metabolites | Obese | Lean | Reference |
| Baseline | (14) | ||
| Carnitines | ↑ | ||
| Fatty acids | ↑ | ||
| TCA cycle intermediates | ↑ | ||
| Amino acids (BCAAs, acidic amino acids, Pro) | ↑ | ||
| Carboxylic acids | ↑ | ||
| Uric acids | ↑ | ||
| Low-carbohydrate (20 g/d) diet | (14) | ||
| Oleamide | ↓ | ↓↓ | |
| Ribose | ↓ | ↓↓ | |
| 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate | ↓ | ↓↓ | |
| Mannose | ↑↑ | ↑ | |
| Nicotinamide | ↑↑ | ↑ | |
| Fat-rich overload | (33) | ||
| Acylcarnitines (11:1 and 12:1) | ↑ | ↓ | |
| Glycerol | ↓↓ | ↓ | |
| Triglycerides | ∼ | ↑ | |
| Fish oil | (34) | ||
| PUFAs | ↑ | ↑↑ | |
| 9,12,13-Trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid | ↑ | ↓ | |
| LA- and AA-derived oxylipins | ↓ | ||
1
AA, arachidonic acid; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; LA, linoleic acid; Pro, Proline; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; ↑↑, higher increment than ↑; ↓↓, more pronounced reduction than ↓; ~, remained similar after the intervention.