TABLE 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of the included studies1
| Study | Design | Analysis | Subjects, n | HTN prevalence, % | Anti-HTN treatment, % | Mean age, y | Male sex, % | Mean BMI, kg/m2 | CF | ER | FU, wk | Office BP methodology | Sodium intake, mg/d | Dietary adherence, % | Mean baseline SBP/DBP, mm Hg | Mean ± SD attained SBP difference, mm Hg | Mean ± SD attained DBP difference, mm Hg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Solaiman et al. (19) | CO | PP | 60 | 50.02 | No | 38.5 | 20.0 | 28.7 | No | No | 3 | M | 3000 | NR | 123.4/79.3 | −4.8 ± 6.0 | −3.3 ± 5.5 |
| Appel et al. (20) | P | ITT | 305 | 33.02 | No | 44.0 | 50.8 | 28.3 | Yes | No | 8 | M | 3000 | 93.2 | 131.6/85.2 | −5.5 ± 16.8 | −3.0 ± 11.5 |
| Appel et al. (21) | P | ITT | 537 | 37.22 | No | 50.0 | 38.0 | 33.2 | No | Yes | 24 | M | 2400 | NR | 135.2/84.8 | −0.6 ± 19.0 | −0.9 ± 13.0 |
| Azadbakht et al. (22) | P | ITT | 76 | NR | No | 38.0 | 29.0 | 29.8 | No | Yes | 24 | M | 2400 | NR | 143.5/86.0 | −3.5 ± 10.0 | −5.0 ± 12.0 |
| Azadbakht et al. (23) | CO | PP | 62 | NR | No | NR | 42.0 | NR | No | No | 8 | NR | 2400 | NR | 136.0/81.9 | −13.4 ± 17.8 | −9.0 ± 15.0 |
| Azadbakht et al. (24) | P | ITT | 60 | 0.0 | No | 31.0 | 46.6 | 26.9 | No | Yes | 10 | NR | 2400 | NR | 123.7/78.7 | −4.6 ± 19.7 | −2.8 ± 10.4 |
| Blumenthal et al. (25) | P | ITT | 95 | NR | No | 51.8 | 34.0 | 32.9 | No | No | 16 | M | 2400 | NR | 137.8/85.8 | −8.0 ± 20.5 | −3.7 ± 13.7 |
| Burke et al. (26) | P | PP | 204 | 100 | Yes | 56.2 | 44.0 | 30.1 | No | Yes | 16 | NR | NR | NR | 131.5/81.0 | −1.0 ± 13.0 | −2.0 ± 13.0 |
| Chiu et al. (27) | CO | PP | 72 | NR | No | 47.5 | 58.3 | 27.5 | Yes | No | 3 | A | 2700 | NR | 134.5/84.5 | −3.4 ± 8.0 | −2.9 ± 4.2 |
| Conlin et al. (28) | P | ITT | 55 | 100 | No | 52.0 | 45.0 | 31.0 | Yes | No | 4 | M | 3000 | NR | 149.4/94.1 | −5.0 ± 21.6 | −4.0 ± 11.1 |
| Edwards et al. (29) | P | ITT | 37 | NR | No | 47.3 | 50.0 | 30.6 | No | Yes | 12 | NR | NR | NR | 140.3/87.5 | −6.1 ± 11.3 | −7.6 ± 9.8 |
| Green et al. (30) | P | ITT | 200 | 30.0 | Yes | 47.2 | 28.0 | 38.3 | No | Yes | 24 | NR | NR | NR | 119.0/79.5 | −1.6 ± 17.5 | −1.2 ± 12.2 |
| Kirpizidis et al. (31) | P | ITT | 201 | 100 | Yes | 53.8 | 67.7 | NR | No | No | 16 | M | 2400 | NR | 149.0/99.0 | −4.6 ± 38.0 | −3.3 ± 40.0 |
| Kucharska et al. (32) | P | PP | 126 | 100 | Yes | 59.8 | 40.0 | 32.8 | No | Yes | 12 | M | NR | NR | 130.4/84.5 | −3.0 ± 5.7 | −2.0 ± 3.5 |
| Lima et al. (33) | P | ITT | 206 | 100 | Yes | 50.0 | 22.4 | NR | No | No | 24 | A | NR | NR | 144.0/84.0 | −4.9 ± 19.0 | −1.7 ± 13.0 |
| Lin et al. (34) | P | ITT | 20 | 100 | No | 44.3 | 35.0 | 33.9 | Yes | No | 2 | A | 3400 | NR | 144.2/88.5 | −8.7 ± 12.5 | −10.2 ± 10.4 |
| Lopes et al. (35) | CO | ITT | 48 | 50.02 | No | 37.0 | 50.0 | 28.4 | No | No | 4 | M | 3000 | NR | 120.5/82.0 | −4.5 ± 7.7 | −0.9 ± 6.9 |
| Ma et al. (36) | P | ITT | 90 | 0.0 | No | 51.8 | 33.0 | 27.9 | No | No | 24 | M | 2300 | NR | 117.4/74.9 | −2.0 ± 15.6 | −1.1 ± 8.7 |
| Malloy-McFall et al. (37) | P | ITT | 20 | 16.5 | No | 38.3 | 60.0 | 31.5 | No | No | 4 | M | 3300 | NR | 137.4/87.2 | −1.2 ± 9.0 | 0.7 ± 7.0 |
| Márquez-Celedonio et al. (38) | P | PP | 92 | 0.0 | No | 43.2 | NR | 31.2 | No | Yes | 24 | NR | NR | NR | 132.8/86.6 | −10.5 ± 9.7 | −7.4 ± 6.1 |
| Miller et al. (39) | P | PP | 45 | 100 | Yes | 54.0 | 38.0 | 33.6 | Yes | Yes | 9 | M | 2400 | 97.0 | 137.4/84.4 | −7.4 ± 19.8 | −5.7 ± 9.7 |
| Naseem et al. (40) | P | PP | 1492 | 100 | Yes | 53.3 | 50.0 | 27.6 | No | No | 5 | M | 1500 | NR | 128.3/84.4 | −2.1 ± 3.4 | 0.3 ± 3.0 |
| Nowson et al. (41) | CO | PP | 188 | 45.0 | Yes | 55.6 | 60.0 | 29.0 | No | No | 4 | NR | 2300 | NR | 129.4/80.6 | −1.9 ± 10.0 | −0.7 ± 8.2 |
| Nowson et al. (42) | P | PP | 54 | 33.0 | Yes | 47.1 | 100 | 29.9 | No | Yes | 12 | NR | 2000 | NR | 134.8/88.4 | −3.0 ± 14.5 | −6.1 ± 11.0 |
| Nowson et al. (43) | P | ITT | 95 | 37.02 | Yes | 59.2 | 0.0 | 29.6 | No | No | 14 | A | 1000 | NR | 127.5/81.0 | −1.5 ± 11.7 | −1.8 ± 7.8 |
| Paula et al. (44) | P | ITT | 40 | 100 | Yes | 62.2 | 48.0 | 29.4 | No | Yes | 4 | A | NR | NR | 160.3/81.5 | −6.6 ± 14.5 | −3.9 ± 9.5 |
| Roussell et al. (45) | CO | PP | 72 | 0.0 | No | 50.0 | 41.7 | 25.8 | Yes | No | 5 | A | 3000 | 93.0 | 117.2/68.5 | −2.8 ± 11.4 | −0.7 ± 9.0 |
| Sacks et al. (46) | P | ITT | 412 | 41.02 | No | 48.0 | 43.5 | 29.5 | Yes | No | 4 | M | 1200 | NR | 134.5/86.0 | −4.4 ± 23.7 | −2.1 ± 13.5 |
| Sacks et al. (46) | P | ITT | 412 | 41.02 | No | 48.0 | 43.5 | 29.5 | Yes | No | 4 | M | 2400 | NR | 134.5/86.0 | −4.4 ± 23.7 | −2.1 ± 13.5 |
| Sacks et al. (46) | P | ITT | 412 | 41.02 | No | 48.0 | 43.5 | 29.5 | Yes | No | 4 | M | 3600 | NR | 134.5/86.0 | −4.4 ± 23.7 | −2.1 ± 13.5 |
| Whitt-Glover et al. (47) | P | ITT | 25 | 75.0 | Yes | 50.7 | 12.0 | 35.9 | No | No | 12 | NR | 2300 | NR | 130.0/78.4 | −3.1 ± 18.0 | −3.9 ± 11.5 |
| Wong et al. (48) | P | PP | 556 | 100 | No | 55.1 | 49.0 | 24.2 | No | No | 52 | A | NR | NR | 145.0/90.2 | −0.2 ± 13.0 | −0.9 ± 10.0 |
1
A, automated; BP, blood pressure; CF, controlled feeding; CO, crossover; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ER, energy restriction; FU, follow-up; HTN, hypertension; ITT, intention-to-treat; M, manual; NR, not reported; P, parallel; PP, per-protocol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
2
Separate data for hypertensive and normotensive patients are provided.