TABLE 2.
BP-lowering effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet in adults with and without hypertension: subgroup analyses for SBP and DBP outcomes, according to clinical and methodological characteristics of the selected trials1
| Subgroups | RCTs, n | Subjects, n | Difference in means for SBP difference (95%, CI), mm Hg | P between-groups | I 2 | P-heterogeneity | Difference in means for DBP difference (95% CI), mm Hg | P between-groups | I 2 | P-heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | < 0.001 | 0.009 | ||||||||
| ≥50 | 16 | 4027 | −2.0 (−2.4, −1.8) | 0% | 0.79 | −1.3 (−2.2, −0.4) | 50% | 0.01 | ||
| <50 | 13 | 1396 | −4.9 (−6.2, −3.5) | 2% | 0.43 | −3.5 (−4.8, −2.1) | 43% | 0.05 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.12 | 0.14 | ||||||||
| ≥30 | 12 | 1456 | −3.9 (−6.1, −1.7) | 48% | 0.03 | −3.3 (−5.0, −1.7) | 57% | 0.01 | ||
| <30 | 15 | 3620 | −2.1 (−2.5, −1.8) | 0% | 0.49 | −1.8 (−2.9, −0.7) | 64% | < 0.001 | ||
| Controlled feeding | 0.23 | 0.52 | ||||||||
| No | 23 | 4564 | −3.1 (−4.1, −2.0) | 43% | 0.02 | −2.3 (−3.4, −1.2) | 73% | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 7 | 981 | −4.4 (−6.4, −2.4) | 0% | 0.94 | −2.8 (−4.1, −1.7) | 0% | 0.55 | ||
| Daily sodium intake, mg | 0.003 | 0.39 | ||||||||
| >2400 | 9 | 790 | −4.5 (−6.1, −3.0) | 0% | 0.95 | −2.7 (−3.8, −1.6) | 0% | 0.65 | ||
| ≤2400 | 14 | 3292 | −2.1 (−2.5, −1.8) | 0% | 0.59 | −1.9 (−3.3, −0.6) | 54% | 0.009 | ||
| Energy restriction | 0.48 | 0.09 | ||||||||
| No | 19 | 4074 | −2.9 (−3.9, −1.9) | 21% | 0.19 | −1.8 (−2.8, −0.8) | 59% | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 11 | 1471 | −3.7 (−5.7, −1.7) | 48% | 0.04 | −3.5 (−5.1, −1.8) | 57% | 0.009 | ||
| Follow-up period, mo | 0.67 | 0.75 | ||||||||
| ≥3 | 15 | 2594 | −3.0 (−4.6, −1.4) | 47% | 0.02 | −2.6 (−3.8, −1.4) | 48% | 0.01 | ||
| <3 | 15 | 1428 | −3.5 (−4.6, −2.3) | 23% | 0.19 | −2.3 (−3.7, −0.9) | 69% | < 0.001 | ||
| Office BP methodology | 0.95 | 0.98 | ||||||||
| Manual | 14 | 3562 | −2.3 (−2.7, −1.8) | 1% | 0.44 | −1.9 (−3.1, −0.7) | 67% | < 0.001 | ||
| Automated | 7 | 1061 | −2.2 (−4.0, −0.4) | 14% | 0.32 | −1.9 (−3.0, −0.7) | 6% | 0.38 |
Trials or subgroups of trials entered in subgroup analyses: age (21, 25, 26, 28, 31–33, 36, 39–41, 43–45, 47, 48 compared with 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 38, 42, 46); BMI (21, 25, 26, 28–30, 32, 34, 37–39, 47 compared with 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 35, 36, 40–46, 48); controlled feeding (19, 21, 22–26, 29–33, 35–38, 40–44, 47, 48 compared with 20, 27, 28, 34, 39, 45, 46); daily sodium intake (19, 20, 27, 28, 34, 35, 37, 45, 46 compared with 21–25, 31, 36, 39–43, 46, 47); energy restriction (19, 20, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33–37, 40, 41, 43, 45–48 compared with 21, 22, 24, 26, 29, 30, 32, 38, 39, 42, 44); follow-up period (21, 22, 25, 26, 29–33, 36, 38, 42, 43, 47, 48 compared with 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 34, 35, 37, 39–41, 44–46); and office BP methodology (19–22, 25, 28, 31, 32, 35–37, 39, 40, 46 compared with 27, 33, 34, 43–45, 48). BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.