TABLE 3.
Meta-analysis of the VDR gene FokI polymorphism and hypertension
| Characteristics | n 1 | f vs. F | ff vs. FF | ff + Ff vs. FF | ff vs. FF + Ff | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR2 (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Total | 6 | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | 0.02 | 0.65 (0.45, 0.94)*,3 | 0.06 | 0.77 (0.58, 1.01) | 0.007 | 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)* | 0.18 |
| I 2, % | 62 | 52 | 69 | 34 | |||||
| Ethnicities | |||||||||
| Asians | 2 | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19)* | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.73, 0.98)* | 0.03 | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97)* | 0.000 | 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) | 0.31 |
| Han Chinese (East) | 1 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | ||||
| Indians (South) | 1 | 1.70 (1.30, 2.23)* | 0.45 (0.25, 0.81)* | 0.45 (0.31, 0.65)* | 0.68 (0.40, 1.17) | ||||
| Europeans | 3 | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 0.64 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.34) | 0.85 | 0.93 (0.68, 1.27) | 0.50 | 0.80 (0.50, 1.30) | 0.97 |
| Italians | 2 | 1.14 (0.84, 1.55) | 0.63 | 0.74 (0.37, 1.49) | 0.84 | 0.88 (0.59, 1.31) | 0.53 | 0.77 (0.39, 1.49) | 0.92 |
| Germany | 1 | 1.03 (0.73, 1.46) | 0.87 (0.41, 1.87) | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) | 0.84 (0.42, 1.69) | ||||
| Africans | 1 | 1.31 (0.92, 1.86) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.70)* | 0.69 (0.46, 1.03) | 0.31 (0.14, 0.70)* | ||||
| Subtotal | 1.15 (1.04, 1.28)* | 0.05 | 0.74 (0.61, 0.89)* | 0.08 | 0.81 (0.70, 0.95)* | 0.020 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96)* | 0.243 | |
| I2, % | 52.2 | 47 | 60.2 | 24.4 | |||||
| Age group | |||||||||
| Adults | 3 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.20)* | 0.002 | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94)* | 0.006 | 0.85 (0.77, 0.95)* | 0.000 | 0.87 (0.76, 0.98)* | 0.02 |
| Elderly | 2 | 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) | 0.98 | 0.86 (0.49, 1.54) | 0.94 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.47) | 0.94 | 0.82 (0.49, 1.39) | 0.91 |
| Adults + elderly | 1 | 1.36 (0.82, 2.24) | 0.58 (0.17, 2.00) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.27) | 0.70 (0.21, 2.33) | ||||
| Subtotal | 1.18 (0.93, 1.49) | 0.004 | 0.69 (0.44, 1.09) | 0.012 | 0.80 (0.57, 1.13) | 0.001 | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.089 | |
| I2, % | 82.2 | 77.4 | 84.8 | 58.6 | |||||
| Sample size | |||||||||
| Large (>500) | 1 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | ||||
| Small (<500) | 5 | 1.31 (1.12, 1.53)* | 0.14 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.78)* | 0.31 | 0.69 (0.56, 0.85)* | 0.04 | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89)* | 0.40 |
| Subtotal | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | 0.008 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) | 0.006 | 0.79 (0.57, 1.09) | 0.005 | 0.76 (0.53, 1.12) | 0.029 | |
| I2, (%) | 85.9 | 87.0 | 87.4 | 79.1 | |||||
| Genotyping methods | |||||||||
| PCR-RFLP | 4 | 1.39 (1.17, 1.66)* | 0.65 | 0.49 (0.33, 0.72)* | 0.40 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.80)* | 0.06 | 0.59 (0.41, 0.86)* | 0.35 |
| Others | 2 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 0.96 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.99 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.71 | 0.90 (0.79, 1.03) | 0.84 |
| Subtotal | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 0.005 | 0.68 (0.38, 1.20) | 0.005 | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) | 0.003 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.15) | 0.028 | |
| I2, (%) | 87.5 | 87.1 | 88.3 | 79.2 | |||||
| Source of control | |||||||||
| Healthy | 5 | 1.31 (1.12, 1.53)* | 0.65 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.78)* | 0.31 | 0.69 (0.56, 0.85)* | 0.04 | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89)* | 0.40 |
| Healthy and diabetic | 1 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | ||||
| Subtotal | 1.16 (0.92, 1.47) | 0.008 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) | 0.006 | 0.79 (0.57, 1.09) | 0.005 | 0.77 (0.52, 1.11) | 0.029 | |
| I2, (%) | 85.9 | 87.0 | 87.4 | 79.1 | |||||
Adults (aged 35–60 y); Adults + elderly (aged 18–75 y); Elderly (aged 90–102 y); Healthy: studies, with controls comprising healthy persons; Healthy and diabetic: studies, with controls comprising healthy persons and those with illnesses; HT, hypertension; P-heterogeneity; RLFP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; VDR, vitamin D receptor.
1
n, number of studies.
2
α, 0.05; used to determine statistical significance of the OR.
3
*OR with statistical significance.