TABLE 2.

Summary of the RRs with 95% CIs and quality of the evidence for associations between fish consumption and risks of site-specific cancers¹

Outcome	Primary studies, n	Cases, n	Comparison2	Summary RR (95% CI)	P value3	Quality of the evidence (NutriGrade)
Liver cancer	5	1572	Per 100 g/d	0.65 (0.48, 0.87)	0.007	Moderate
Myeloid leukemia	2	416	High vs. low	1.60 (1.10, 2.35)	0.01	Low
Gastric cancer	5	2813	Per 100 g/d	1.16 (1.00, 1.28)	0.05	Low
Prostate cancer mortality	4	740	High vs. low	0.37 (0.18, 0.74)	0.005	Low
Bladder cancer	5	1141	High vs. low	0.86 (0.53, 1.39)	0.53	Low
Colorectal cancer	20	19,787	Per 100 g/d	0.93 (0.85, 1.01)	0.07	Low
Total cancer mortality	10	49,952	Per 100 g/d	0.98 (0.91, 1.07)	0.69	Low
Breast cancer	11	13,323	Per 100 g/d	1.00 (0.81, 1.23)	0.84	Low
Prostate cancer incidence	12	13,924	High vs. low	1.02 (0.91, 1.15)	0.69	Low
Ovarian cancer	5	1288	High vs. low	1.04 (0.89, 1.22)	0.60	Low
Pancreatic cancer	13	4994	Per 100 g/d	1.06 (0.90, 1.25)	0.42	Low
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	3	726	High vs. low	0.87 (0.60, 1.27)	0.47	Very low
Multiple myeloma	3	986	High vs. low	0.94 (0.67, 1.33)	0.87	Very low
Lung cancer	3	11,624	High vs. low	0.95 (0.73, 1.24)	0.69	Very low
CLL/SLL	3	1370	High vs. low	0.99 (0.83, 1.19)	0.74	Very low
Endometrial cancer	4	2245	Per 100 g/d	1.00 (0.65, 1.61)	0.56	Very low
Leukemia	3	2536	High vs. low	1.02 (0.89, 1.17)	0.43	Very low
Oral cancer	2	226	High vs. low	1.03 (0.66, 1.61)	0.90	Very low
Renal cancer	3	2443	High vs. low	1.07 (0.81, 1.39)	0.65	Very low
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	4	3865	High vs. low	1.08 (0.94, 1.24)	0.62	Very low

¹CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; SLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma.

²For meta-analyses that did not report dose-response estimation, the result of the highest compared with the lowest category was reported.

³ P < 0.00125 was considered significant to avoid inflating the rate of false-positive findings due to multiple testing.