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. 2020 Sep 14;11(9):750. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02964-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — NEC induction was conducted on postnatal (p) days 5–9, with AFSC intraperitoneal injections given on p6 and p7 (a). Histopathology of ileal sections from mice administered with AFSC during necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) induction showed normal villous structure when compared to NEC mice (b). Administration of AFSC during NEC significantly decreased histological scores (c). Intestinal epithelial proliferation (Ki67), which is reduced in NEC, was restored with AFSC administration (d, e). In vivo visualization of ISC after NEC induction showed a decrease in Lgr5⁺ ISC, some of which are denoted with white arrows, expression in NEC and restoration after AFSC treatment (f–i). n = 10 for each group (b–e) and n = 6 for each group (f–i). Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, using unpaired Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests as appropriate.