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. 2020 Sep 14;11(9):750. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02964-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Ileal sections from NEC mice administered with C59 and IWP2-treated AFSC demonstrated increased villus damage as compared to NEC+AFSC (a, b). AFSC reduced NEC-induced intestinal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα (c, d), increased epithelial proliferation (Ki67) (e, f), and increased gene expression of ISC marker Lgr5 and Olfm4 (g, h). These changes were not evident with administration of Wnt-deficient AFSC (pretreated with C59 or IWP2). n = 10 for Control, NEC, NEC+AFSC, and n = 6 for NEC+AFSC^C59, NEC+AFSC^IWP2. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, using unpaired Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests as appropriate.