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. 2020 Jun 10;125(4):212–226. doi: 10.1038/s41437-020-0328-6

Fig. 2. Bivalent and quadrivalent metaphase I chromosome configurations in diploid and tetraploid Solanum tuberosum.

Fig. 2

FISH signals were detected in metaphase I cells using 5S rDNA probe (red) for chromosome 1 and 45S rDNA probe (green) for chromosome 2 as shown in the chromosome ideogram (a). Bivalent pairing (II) can be seen in diploid Scapa (2×, b, c), and tetraploid Sante (4×, d, e). A yellow arrow in (d) indicates the decondensed rDNA region of chromosome 2. Quadrivalent pairing (IV) may be observed as a ring for chromosome 1 in tetraploid Sante (4×, f, g) or a chain for chromosome 2 in tetraploid Maris Peer (4×, h, i), both of which are illustrated in (j), where the four homologous chromosomes are shown in red, green, blue and black, and crossovers are marked with a star. Chromosomes have been stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 10 µm.