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. 2020 Sep 14;10:15029. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71623-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phantom measurements performed under five shimming conditions 2SH_box, 2SH_brain, 2SH_box + AC/DC_brain, 2SH_brain + AC/DC_brain, and (2SH_brain + AC/DC_brain)_joint. (A) B₀ fieldmaps maps of 2-HG and T1-weighted MRI with concentration of 2-HG marked on every tube 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mM (magenta). (B) Histogram distribution of the B₀ fieldmaps for all shimming conditions. (C) spectra from each tube for each shimming method overlaid, the negative 2-HG peak at 2.25 ppm is indicated by vertical dashed lines. (D) Zoom on the 2.2–2.4 ppm spectral range that contains the positive glutamate peak at 2.35 ppm and negative 2HG peak at 2.25 ppm. Correlation analysis between fitted and ground-truth 2HG concentration for all shim conditions.