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. 2020 Sep 14;10:15029. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71623-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Maps of the D-2-hydroxyglutarate to total creatine (2-HG/tCr) shown in axial, sagital, coronal views in the mutant IDH1 glioma patient obtained with the four shimming conditions 2SH_box, 2SH_brain, 2SH_box + AC/DC_brain, and 2SH_brain + AC/DC_brain. FLAIR image is shown at the top, and the map of total choline to total creatine (tCho/tCr) for 2SH_brain + AC/DC_brain shim is shown at the bottom. Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) maps are shown at the right of the metabolic maps. Below each metabolic map the mean and standard deviation of metabolic ratios in the tumor are calculated, and the contrast-to-noise ratio of the tumor. The tumor contours are indicated on the FLAIR and metabolic maps. The tumor 2HG volume detected with CRLB < 20% and the ratio of 2HG to FLAIR volume is indicated for each shimming under the CRLB maps. Examples of spectra from the tumor (B) and healthy brain (C) are shown for all shimming conditions in the right two columns. The maps of tNAA, tCho, tCr, SNR, FWHM and CRLB (of tCr) are shown in Supplementary Fig. 4.