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Serum metal ion levels in patients with ceramic heads.
| Elevated Co ions | Elevated Cr ions | |
|---|---|---|
| Markel et al., 2019 (HIP International) | 2/49 | 1/49 |
| (4.1%) | (2.0%) | |
| Markel et al., 2019 (Bone and Joint Journal) | 2/39 | 3/39 |
| (5.1%) | (7.7%) | |
| Chalmers et al. | 0/17 | 0/17 (0%) |
| (0%) | ||
| Matsen Ko et al. | 0/1 | 0/1 |
| (0%) | (0%) | |
| Nam et al., 2019 | 0/29 | 0/29 |
| (0%) | (0%) | |
| Total | 4/135 | 4/135 |
| (3.0%) | (3.0%) |
