Table 2.
Comparison of the ASDH patients over 70 years between the endoscopy group and craniotomy group
| Variables | Endoscopy (n = 15) | Craniotomy (n = 20) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 86 (70–101) | 80.5 (70–88) | 0.06 |
| 70–75, n (%) | 2 (13%) | 4 (20%) | |
| 76–80, n (%) | 2 (13%) | 6 (30%) | |
| 81–85, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 4 (20%) | |
| 86–90, n (%) | 5 (34%) | 6 (30%) | |
| 90+, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Women:men (% women) | 9:6 (60%) | 5:15 | 0.02* |
| Cause | |||
| Fall, n (%) | 12 (80%) | 16 (80%) | |
| Traffic accident, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Idiopathic, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 167 (112–230) | 166 (112–230) | 0.44 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cerebrovascular diseases, n (%) | 6 (40%) | 6 (30%) | 0.72 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 6 (40%) | 9 (45%) | 0.99 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 6 (30%) | 0.70 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 (7%) | 3 (15%) | 0.62 |
| Use of antithrombotic drugs, n (%) | 8 (53%) | 14 (70%) | 0.48 |
| Premorbid mRS score | 2 (0–4) | 2.5 (0–4) | 0.99 |
| Chief complaint | |||
| Impaired consciousness, n (%) | 11 (73%) | 16 (80%) | 0.70 |
| Focal deficits, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 0.63 |
| Headache, n (%) | 1 (7%) | 2 (10%) | 0.99 |
| Presence of light reflex, n (%) | 11 (58%) | 11 (55%) | 0.31 |
| GCS score on admission | 8 (6–15) | 7.5 (3–14) | 0.46 |
| 14–15, n (%) | 1 (8%) | 3 (15%) | |
| 9–13, n (%) | 6 (40%) | 7 (35%) | |
| 3–8, n (%) | 8 (52%) | 10 (50%) | |
| Left:right (% left) | 12:3 (80%) | 7:13 (35%) | 0.04* |
| Hematoma volume (mL) | 140 (87–252) | 121 (42–280) | 0.15 |
| Midline shift (mm) | 12 (5–25) | 11.4 (7–32) | 0.91 |
| Preop PT-INR | 1.03 (0.80–3.86) | 1.11 (0.91–2.87) | 0.14 |
| Postop PT-INR | 1.21 (1.18–1.38, n = 4) | 1.34 (1.08–1.71, n = 4) | 0.88 |
| Preop APTT (sec) | 27.0 (21.6–49.1) | 30.9 (23.3–49.4) | 0.24 |
| Postop APTT (sec) | 35.0 (31.4–43.1, n = 3) | 38.9 (37.3–42.5, n = 4) | 0.63 |
| Preop fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 335 (162–566) | 298 (139–513) | 0.68 |
| Postop fibrinogen (mg/dL) | Not measured | Not measured | – |
| Preop d-dimer (μg/mL) | 5.5 (1.0–282.0) | 10.7 (1.8–223.1) | 0.27 |
| Postop d-dimer (μg/mL) | 3.5 (1.39–5.0, n = 8) | 9.2 (2.5–15.8, n = 2) | 0.53 |
| Preop platelet count (104/μL) | 17.4 (5.1–33.9) | 14.3 (8.9–30.6) | 0.33 |
| Postop platelet count (104/μL) | 16.7 (10.7–27.5) | 11.5 (4.7–39.4, n = 18) | 0.15 |
| Transfusion of PC or FFP, n (%) | 2 (13%) | 3 (15%) | 0.99 |
| Time from trauma to operation (hr) | 6 (1–48, n = 12) | 14 (3–48, n = 19) | 0.07 |
| Bleeding amount (mL) | 20 (5–400) | 200 (10–2300) | 0.002* |
| Operative time (min) | 91 (48–156) | 98 (61–267) | 0.38 |
| Stay time in the operation room (min) | 120 (80–205) | 180 (105–375) | 0.005* |
| Hematoma removal rate | 100% (90%–100%) | 100% (96%–100%) | 0.36 |
| GCS score 7 days post-op | 14 (3–15, n = 12) | 12 (4–14, n =18) | 0.36 |
| mRS score at 6 months | 5 (0–6) | 5 (2–6) | 0.91 |
| Death during hospitalization, n (%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 0.63 |
| Rebleeding, n (%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 0.99 |
| Complication (bone infection), n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.99 |
The results are shown with the number (%) or the median (range). p value was calculated by the Fisher’s exact test or Mann–Whitney U test.
*
p <0.05.
APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time, ASDH: acute subdural hematoma, CT: computed tomography, FFP: fresh frozen plasma, GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale, mRS: modified Rankin Scale, PC: platelet concentrates, postop: post operation, preop: pre operation, PT-INR: prothrombin time international normalized ratio