Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the 2 study groups.
| Characteristics | Observation (n = 40) | Treatment (n = 85) | p |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.24 | ||
| Female | 19 (47.5) | 31 (36.5) | |
| Male | 21 (52.5) | 54 (63.5) | |
| Age | 62.25 ± 20.82 | 57.16 ± 15.90 | 0.18 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 21 (52.5) | 41 (48.2) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (17.5) | 13 (15.3) | 0.75 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8 (20.0) | 22 (25.9) | 0.47 |
| Stroke | 5 (12.5) | 4 (4.7) | 0.14 |
| Coronary artery disease | 5 (12.5) | 18 (21.2) | 0.24 |
| Valvular heart disease | 2 (5.0) | 5 (5.9) | 1.00 |
| Heart failure | 8 (20). | 22 (25.9) | 0.47 |
| Thyroid diseases | 3 (7.5) | 7 (8.2) | 1.00 |
| Pulmonary disease | 5 (12.5) | 5 (5.9) | 0.29 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (22.5) | 9 (10.6) | 0.08 |
| Malignancy | 2 (5) | 7 (8.2) | 0.72 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Palpitation | 16 (40) | 28 (32.9) | 0.30 |
| Chest tightness/pain | 10 (25) | 29 (34.1) | 0.16 |
| Exertional dyspnea | 6 (15) | 12 (14.1) | 0.86 |
| Near-syncope/syncope | 4 (10) | 9 (10.6) | 0.89 |
| Asymptomatic | 19 (47.5) | 24 (28.2) | < 0.01 |
| PVC characteristics | |||
| QRS Duration (ms) | 171.4 [142.9, 185.7] | 171.4 [142.9, 185.7] | 0.77 |
| Location | 0.23 | ||
| RVOT | 12 (30) | 22 (25.9) | |
| LVOT | 11 (27.5) | 36 (42.4) | |
| RV | 4 (10) | 9 (11) | |
| LV | 6 (15) | 9 (11) | |
| Inadequate PVC information | 7 (17.5) | 9 (11) | |
| Holter ECG | |||
| Ventricular burden (%) | 8.46 [4.85, 19.39] | 12.98 [8.41, 22.28] | 0.08 |
| Total PVCs | 569 [45.75, 1705] | 942 [391, 1824] | 0.12 |
| Couplet (episodes) | 3 [0, 104.5] | 28 [1, 273] | 0.06 |
| Bigeminy (episodes) | 215.5 [1.75, 836.3] | 270 [13.5, 757] | 0.68 |
| Trigeminy (episodes) | 34.5 [0, 456.5] | 161.0 [17, 606.5] | 0.05 |
| NSVTs (episodes) | 0 [0, 1.75] | 0 [0, 7] | 0.04 |
| VTs (episodes) | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | 0.50 |
| Atrial burden (%) | 0.04[0, 0.29] | 0.01 [0, 0.07] | 0.03 |
| SVTs (episodes) | 0 [0, 0] | 0[0, 0] | 0.42 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LA diameter (mm) | 35.66 [30.89, 40.73] | 36.91 [32.29, 43.39] | 0.13 |
| LV diameter (mm) | 51.15 [46.96, 56.96] | 52.28 [45.97, 58.49] | 0.44 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.85 [54.83, 63.15] | 55.95 [48.40, 61.98] | 0.06 |
| Radiofrequency ablation, n (%) | 13 (15.3) | ||
| Pharmacologic agents, n (%) | 72 (84.7) | ||
| Single therapy | 57 (67.1) | ||
| Beta-blocker | 46 (54.1) | ||
| Calcium-channel blocker | 1 (1.2) | ||
| MexIletine | 7(8.2) | ||
| Amiodarone | 3(3.5) | ||
| Dual therapy | 14(16.5) | ||
| Triple therapy | 1(1.2) |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median [Q1, Q3] for continuous variables, and number (%) for categorical variables.
ECG, electrocardiography; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; NSVTs, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC, premature ventricular complex; RV, right ventricle; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; SD, standard deviation; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
* Supraventricular tachycardia included non-sustained supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter.