Table 2. Echocardiographic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome.
| Normouricemia (N = 38) | Hyperuricemia (N = 25) | p | |
| Aorta diameter (mm) | 31.0 ± 3.1 | 29.4 ± 2.9 | 0.055 |
| LA (mm) | 39.3 ± 4.6 | 39.0 ± 4.4 | 0.804 |
| Interventricular septum thickness diameter (mm) | 10.9 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 1.1 | 0.037 |
| Posterior wall thickness diameter (mm) | 10.4 ± 1.8 | 10.5 ± 1.5 | 0.665 |
| LV diameter in end-diastole (mm) | 47.5 ± 4.3 | 45.5 ± 5.1 | 0.099 |
| LV diameter in end-systole (mm) | 28.8 ± 3.2 | 28.0 ± 4.7 | 0.442 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 69.3 ± 7.5 | 69.0 ± 6.0 | 0.848 |
| LV mass (g) | 185.4 ± 50.1 | 168.4 ± 44.1 | 0.171 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 95.9 ± 22.9 | 85.2 ± 16.3 | 0.049 |
| LV hypertrophy defined by LV mass index | 8 (21.1) | 3 (12.0) | 0.503 |
| Aortic velocity (cm/s) | 124.9 ± 25.2 | 130.3 ± 23.4 | 0.402 |
| TR velocity (cm/s)* | 219.8 ± 28.5 | 202.2 ± 46.9 | 0.207 |
| TR pressure gradient (mmHg)* | 19.7 ± 4.9 | 18.6 ± 8.7 | 0.650 |
| TR velocity > 280 cm/s | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| Mitral E-wave velocity (cm/s) | 74.1 ± 22.1 | 78.7 ± 17.7 | 0.391 |
| Mitral E-wave velocity ≤ 50 cm/s | 4 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0.145 |
| Mitral A-wave velocity (cm/s) | 82.1 ± 19.4 | 85.9 ± 21.7 | 0.476 |
| Mitral E-velocity deceleration time (ms) | 189.0 ± 48.1 | 218.4 ± 62.1 | 0.038 |
| Mitral E/A ratio | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.699 |
| Mitral E/A ratio ≤ 0.8 | 16 (42.1) | 9 (36.0) | 0.793 |
| Mitral E/A ratio between 0.8 and 2 | 22 (65.8) | 16 (64) | 0.245 |
| Mitral E/A ratio ≥ 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Mitral inflow and E/A ratio categories | |||
| Mitral E/A ratio ≤ 0.8 and E velocity ≥ 50 cm/s | 12 (31.6) | 9 (36) | |
| Mitral E/A ratio ≤ 0.8 and E velocity ≤ 50 cm/s | 4 (10.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Septal e′ velocity (cm/s) | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 2.9 | 0.960 |
| Septal e′ velocity < 7 cm/s | 25 (65.8) | 14 (56) | 0.596 |
| Septal a′ velocity (cm/s) | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 0.458 |
| Septal E/e′ | 11.3 ± 3.4 | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 0.037 |
| Lateral e′ velocity (cm/s) | 8.5 ± 3.4 | 8.9 ± 3.7 | 0.655 |
| Lateral e′ velocity < 10 cm/s | 23 (60.5) | 15 (60.0) | 1.000 |
| Lateral a′ velocity (cm/s) | 10.6 ± 3.0 | 9.8 ± 3.4 | 0.316 |
| Lateral E/e′ | 9.0 ± 5.3 | 9.1 ± 4.7 | 0.897 |
| Septal e′ velocity < 7 cm/s or lateral e′ velocity < 10 cm/s | 30 (78.9) | 18 (72.0) | 0.558 |
| LAVI (A4C) (mL/m2) | 26.1 ± 9.1 | 28.5 ± 13.3 | 0.391 |
| LAVI (A2C) (mL/m2) | 27.3 ± 9.5 | 26.0 ± 11.5 | 0.626 |
| LAVI (BP) (mL/m2) | 28.3 ± 7.6 | 28.0 ± 8.4 | 0.846 |
| LAVI (BP) > 34 ml/m2 | 10 (26.3) | 6 (24.0) | 1.000 |
| Average e′ velocity (cm/s) | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.9 ± 3.1 | 0.750 |
| Average a′ velocity (cm/s) | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 9.1 ± 2.4 | 0.302 |
| Average E/e′ | 10.1 ± 3.9 | 11.3 ± 4.2 | 0.233 |
| Average E/e′ > 14 | 7 (18.4) | 9 (36.0) | 0.145 |
| The number of LV diastolic function criteria | 0.063 | ||
| 0 | 7 (18.4) | 6 (24.0) | |
| 1 | 16 (42.1) | 10 (40.0) | |
| 2 | 14 (36.8) | 4 (16.0) | |
| 3 | 1 (2.6) | 5 (20.0) | |
| 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Normal diastolic function | 23 (60.5) | 16 (64.0) | 1.000 |
| Indeterminate LV diastolic function | 14 (36.8) | 4 (16.0) | 0.092 |
| LVDD | 1 (21.1) | 5 (24.0) | 1.000 |
| The number of mitral inflow criteria | 0.037 | ||
| 0 | 22 (57.9) | 15 (60.0) | |
| 1 | 15 (39.5) | 5 (20.0) | |
| 2 | 1 (2.6) | 5 (20.0) | |
| Grade I LVDD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| Grade II LVDD | 1 (2.6) | 5 (20.0) | 0.032 |
Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).
A2C, apical two chamber view; A4C, apical four chamber view; BP, biplane; LA, left atrium; LAP, left atrial pressure; LAVI, LA maximum volume index; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.
* TR velocity and pressure gradient were reported in the 31 patients given that the parameters cannot be detected in the rest of 32 patients.