Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

First author, year of publication	Country	Study design	Intervention characteristics
			Sample size (n [%] female)	Mean age (years)	Intervention design	Number of clinical encounters	Duration	Cardiometabolic risk outcomes
Azar et al, 2016 [19]	USA	RCTa	n=74 (44 [59%]) IGb: n=37 CGc: n=37	59.7 (SD 11.2)	IG: Data monitoring, PAd and lifestyle web advice, and weekly videoconferencing CG: Intervention 3 months delayed	24 virtual group sessions Seven in-person PA sessions	24 weeks	Weight, weight change, BMI, WCe, SBPf, DBPg, TCh, HDL-Ci, LDL-Cj, TC/HDL ratio, and triglyceride
Everett et al, 2018 [20]	USA	Pre-post study	n=38 (24 [63%])	57.2 (SD 9.1)	Data monitoring and PA, weight reduction, and diet personalized advice through a smartphone	Two face-to-face sessions	12 weeks	Weight, percentage weight change, BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, HbA1ck, and FPGl
Kim and Kang, 2013 [21]	Republic of Korea	Pre-post study	n=18 (0 [0%])	43.1 (SD 7.4)	PA and weight control personalized advice through a website and SMS text messages	Weekly web visits	8 weeks	Weight, visceral fat mass, WC, SBP, DBP, HDL-C, TG, FPG, and CVDm risk
Kim et al, 2014 [22]	Republic of Korea	Pre-post study	n=48 (0 [0%]) IG: n=24 CG: n=24	IG: 40.88 (SD 7.70) CG: 38.38 (SD 6.82)	PA and weight control personalized advice through a website and SMS text messages	Weekly online sessions	16 weeks	Weight, body fat, VFMn, WC, SBP, DBP, HDL-C, TG, FPG, and CVD risk
Luley et al, 2014 [23]	Germany	RCT	n=178 (73 [41%]) IG1: n=60 (18 [30%]) IG2: n=58 (27 [47%]) CG: n=60 (28 [47%])	IG1: 50.3 (SD 7.8) IG2: 50.3 (SD 8.0) CG: 50.1 (SD 8.1)	IG1: PA and diet recommendations, data telemonitoring, and weekly feedback letters IG2: PA and diet recommendations, data telemonitoring, and monthly feedback calls CG: PA and diet in-person recommendations	Four in-person sessions	48 weeks	Weight loss; BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, apolipoprotein B, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity CRPo, FPG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IRp
Mann et al, 2016 [24]	USA	RCT	n=54 (45 [83%]) IG: n=27 CG: n=27	IG: 47.5 (SD 11.99) CG: 43.67 (SD 9.28)	IG: Data monitoring, PA and diet recommendations, and goal setting using electronic medical records CG: Traditional recommendations and follow-up	Two compulsory in-person sessions	24 weeks	Weight, BMI, TC, HCL-C, LDL-C, TG, HbA1c, REAP-Sq score, risk knowledge, risk perception, total step average, and 7-day step average
Oh et al, 2015 [25]	Republic of Korea	RCT	IG: n=212 (113 [53%]) CG: n=209 (99 [47%])	IG: 46.78 (SD 13.11) CG: 50.35 (SD 14.24)	IG: Body composition and pedometer data remote monitoring, and personalized PA and health online advice CG: Data records and PA and diet recommendations	Four in-person sessions	24 weeks	Weight and BMI
Petrella et al, 2014 [26]	Canada	RCT	IG: n=75 (55 [73%]) CG: n=74 (56 [76%])	IG: 55.7 (SD 10.1) CG: 57.8 (SD 8.7)	IG: Data telemonitoring, PA prescription, and goal setting CG: PA prescription and goal setting	Four in-person sessions	12 weeks	WC, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and high-sensitivity CRP
Stuckey et al, 2013 [27]	Canada	Pre-post study	n=12 (9 [75%])	56.9 (SD 7.0)	PA prescription, goal setting, and data telemonitoring	Two in-person sessions	8 weeks	WC, SBP, DBP, TG, HDL-C, FPG, VO2 maxr, and steps

^aRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^bIG: intervention group.

^cCG: control group.

^dPA: physical activity.

^eWC: waist circumference.

^fSBP: systolic blood pressure.

^gDBP: diastolic blood pressure.

^hTC: total cholesterol.

ⁱHDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^jLDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^kHbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin A_1c.

^lFPG: fasting plasma glucose.

^mCVD: cardiovascular disease.

ⁿVFM: visceral fat mass.

^oCRP: C-reactive protein.

^pHOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

^qREAP-S: rapid eating and activity assessment for patients.

^rVO₂ max: predicted maximal oxygen capacity.