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. 2020 Aug 31;22(8):e18100. doi: 10.2196/18100

Table 3.

Meta-analytic comparison of anxiety and depression interventions.

Characteristics Effect Heterogeneity

g 95% CI P value I2 (95% CI)
Depression

All studies (n=13) 1.178 1.06-1.29 <.001 95 (94-97)

Pre-post correlation=0.00 1.236 1.10-1.38 <.001 86 (78-91)

Pre-post correlation=0.75 1.155 1.04-1.27 <.001 96 (94-97)

Pre-post correlation=0.99 0.749 0.16-0.88 <.001 100 (100-100)

Outliers excludeda 1.176 1.09-1.26 .001 75 (42-86)

Without mixed treatments 1.282 1.26-1.44 <.001 89 (84-92)
Anxiety

All studies (n=20) 0.94 0.83-1.06 <.001 74 (60-83)

Pre-post correlation=0.00 0.95 0.83-1.07 <.001 93 (91-95)

Pre-post correlation=0.75 0.93 0.82-1.04 <.001 100 (99-100)

Pre-post correlation=0.99 0.70 0.62-0.78 <.001 77 (62-86)

Outliers excludedb 0.90 0.81-0.99 <.001 91 (88-95)

Without mixed treatments 0.95 0.81-1.10 <.001 83 (74-89)

Without OCDc treatments 0.93 0.81-1.05 <.001 84 (76-90)

Without PTSDd treatments 0.88 0.78-0.98 <.001 95 (94-97)

Neither OCD nor PTSD 0.87 0.77-0.98 <.001 86 (78-91)

aThree excluded studies [47-49] as well as depression study by Ruwaard et al [50].

bTwo excluded studies [51,52] as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder studies by Ruwaard et al [50] and PTSD study by Titov et al [53].

cOCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder.

dPTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.