Table 1.
Relative efficiencies for water oxidation by DSPEC photoanodesa.
| Description of photoanode | pH | Maximum IPCE (%) | Maximum stable photocurrent density (mA/cm2) | Substrate | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RuP2+-Zr4+-Ru-bda assembly | 5.7 | – | 1–1.5 | SnO2/TiO2 core-shell | 43 |
| RuP2+/Ru-bda co-loaded | 5.7 | – | 0.97–1.45 | ||
| RuP2+/Ru(bda)(LO-C10) co-loadedb | 7 | 24.8 | 1.4 | SnO2/TiO2 core-shell | 16 |
| 4.7 | 15.3 | 0.8 | |||
| RuP2+-Ru-bda assembly | 5.7 | – | 0.85 | SnO2/TiO2 core-shell | 44 |
| RuP2+-Ru-bda assembly | 7 | 3.1 | 0.4 | SnO2/TiO2 core-shell | 45 |
| RuP2+-ALD SnO2-Ru-bda assembly | 4.7 | 17.1 | 0.85 | SnO2/TiO2 core-shell | 4 |
| TPA/Ru-bda co-loaded | 4.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | SnO2/TiO2|Al2O3 | 15 |
| RuP2+/IrO2 co-loaded | 5.7 | – | 0.03 | TiO2 nanoparticle film | 12 |
| RuP2+/IrO2 co-loadedc | 5.8 | – | 0.08 | TiCl4 treated TiO2 | 13 |
| Zn Porphyrin/IrCp* co-loadedd | 7 | – | 0.03 | TiO2 nanoparticle film | 18 |
| RuP2+/Ru-bda co-loaded | 5.8 | 25 | 1.7 | TiCl4 treated TiO2 | This work |
aUnless otherwise specified, simulated sunlight with a density of 100 mW cm−2 was used as the light source.
bLO-C10 is diethyl 3-(pyridin-4-yloxy)decyl-phosphonic acid.
cA 150-W Xe lamp was used as the light source with a 410 nm, long-pass filter and a water filter.
dAt 200 mW cm−2.