Table 1. Prevalence at Birth of cCMV and of Microcephaly Without Comorbid Neural Tube Defects Stratified by Patient Characteristics in Pooled Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2000-2013) and MarketScan (2011-2015) Databases.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Prevalence per 10 000 (95% CI) | Infants with microcephaly, No. (%) | Prevalence per 10 000 (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancies | Infants with cCMV diagnosis | ||||
| Total No. | 2 338 580 | 336 | 1.4 (1.3-1.6) | 679 | 2.9 (2.7-3.1) |
| Maternal age, y | |||||
| ≤19 | 284 564 (12.2) | 79 (23.5) | 2.8 (2.2-3.4) | 87 (12.8) | 3.1 (2.4-3.7) |
| 20-24 | 746 301 (31.9) | 105 (31.3) | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 204 (30.0) | 2.7 (2.4-3.1) |
| 25-29 | 588 227 (25.1) | 63 (18.8) | 1.1 (0.8-1.3) | 189 (27.8) | 3.2 (2.8-3.7) |
| 30-34 | 456 318 (19.5) | 52 (15.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 115 (16.9) | 2.5 (2.1-3.0) |
| 35-39 | 212 381 (9.1) | 29 (8.6) | 1.4 (0.9-1.9) | 70 (10.3) | 3.3 (2.5-4.1) |
| ≥40 | 50 789 (2.2) | <11a | NA | 14 (2.1) | 2.8 (1.3-4.2) |
| Infant sexb | |||||
| Male | 1 192 507 (51.0) | 186 (55.4) | 1.6 (1.3-1.8) | 263 (38.7) | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) |
| Female | 1 136 353 (48.6) | 147 (43.8) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 414 (61.0) | 3.6 (3.3-4.0) |
| Gestation | |||||
| Multiple | 80 186 (3.4) | 38 (11.3) | 4.7 (3.2-6.2) | 55 (8.1) | 6.9 (5.0-8.7) |
| Single | 2 258 394 (96.6) | 298 (88.7) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | 624 (91.9) | 2.8 (2.5-3.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 707 087 (30.2) | 97 (28.9) | 1.4 (1.1-1.6) | 204 (30.0) | 2.9 (2.5-3.3) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 30 497 (1.3) | <11a | NA | 12 (1.8) | 3.9 (1.7-6.2) |
| Asian | 68 785 (2.9) | 12 (3.6) | 1.7 (0.8-2.7) | 18 (2.7) | 2.6 (1.4-3.8) |
| Black or African American | 571 303 (24.4) | 109 (32.4) | 1.9 (1.5-2.3) | 230 (33.9) | 4.0 (3.5-4.5) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 251 696 (10.8) | 18 (5.4) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) | 36 (5.3) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) |
| Otherc | 127 962 (5.5) | 18 (5.4) | 1.4 (0.8-2.1) | 42 (6.2) | 3.3 (2.3-4.3) |
| Parityd | |||||
| Multipara | 1 343 179 (57.4) | 156 (46.4) | 1.2 (1.0-1.3) | 398 (58.6) | 3.0 (2.7-3.3) |
| Primipara | 414 151 (17.7) | 103 (30.7) | 2.5 (2.0-3.0) | 144 (21.2) | 3.5 (2.9-4.0) |
| Maternal conditions | |||||
| Hypertension (preexisting) | 55 941 (2.4) | <11a | NA | 30 (4.4) | 5.4 (3.4-7.3) |
| Preeclampsia | 100 319 (4.3) | 29 (8.6) | 2.9 (1.8-3.9) | 44 (6.5) | 4.4 (3.1-5.7) |
| Placental abruption | 24 521 (1.0) | 12 (3.6) | 4.9 (2.1-7.7) | 26 (3.8) | 10.6 (6.5-14.7) |
| Diabetes (preexisting) | 41 639 (1.8) | <11a | NA | 42 (6.2) | 10.1 (7.0-13.1) |
| Fever in pregnancy | 42 407 (1.8) | 16 (4.8) | 3.8 (1.9-5.6) | <11a | NA |
| Asthma (preexisting and gestational onset) | 147 819 (6.3) | 25 (7.4) | 1.7 (1.0-2.4) | 55 (8.1) | 3.7 (2.7-4.7) |
| Maternal substance use in pregnancy | |||||
| Any anticonvulsants | 25 979 (1.1) | <11a | NA | 15 (2.2) | 5.8 (2.9-8.7) |
| Tobacco | 197 789 (8.4) | 25 (7.4) | 1.3 (0.8-1.8) | 83 (12.2) | 4.2 (3.3-5.1) |
| Other drug abusee | 35 005 (1.5) | <11a | NA | 23 (3.4) | 6.6 (3.9-9.3) |
| Fetal conditions | |||||
| Preterm birth | 247 312 (10.6) | 174 (51.8) | 7.0 (6.0-8.1) | 277 (40.8) | 11.2 (9.9-12.5) |
| Small for gestational age | 326 261 (14.0) | 138 (41.1) | 4.2 (3.5-4.9) | 255 (37.6) | 7.8 (6.9-8.8) |
Abbreviations: cCMV, congenital cytomegalovirus; NA, not applicable.
Cell contains fewer than 11 individuals. Therefore, to provide summary prevalence ratios while maintaining anonymity of participants, no additional frequency numbers are provided for this row.
A total of 9722 infants were classified as sex unknown and were excluded from analysis.
The other race/ethnicity category included Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino and 1 or more races, more than 1 race (Hispanic or Latino not indicated), and unknown.
Sociodemographic and parity data available only for the Medicaid Analytic eXtract data set.
Includes dependent or nondependent abuse of cannabis, hallucinogens, sedatives, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, antidepressants, mixed or unspecified drugs, and drug-induced mental disorders (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 292.xx, 304.xx, 305.2x-305.9x, 648.4 from last menstrual period plus 1 day to delivery).