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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Aug 2;29(10):105083. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105083

Table 4:

Predictors of Receipt of Composite Quality Measure and Individual Procedures within 30 Days after Acute Ischemic Stroke (Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals) (n=591)

Primary Outcome Secondary Outcomes
Composite Quality Measure Carotid imaging Echocardiogram Brain MRI
Predictor Cumulative Odds Ratios (95% CI) Odds Ratios (95% CI) Odds Ratios(95% CI) Odds Ratios (95% CI)
Participant characteristics
Pre-existing MCI vs normal cognition 0.83 (0.56–1.24)
P=0.37		 0.93 (0.58–1.51)
P=0.78		 0.93 (0.58–1.50)
P=0.77		 1.13 (0.74–1.74)
P=0.56
Age per 1-year increase 0.97 (0.95–0.99)
P=0.01 		0.97 (0.94–1.00)
P=0.03 		0.97 (0.94–1.00)
P=0.03 		0.94 (0.92–0.97)
P<0.001
Women vs men 0.97 (0.67–1.39)
P=0.86		 1.12 (0.70–1.78)
P=0.63		 0.95 (0.60–1.49)
P=0.82		 0.94 (0.63–1.40)
P=0.77
White vs non-White 0.98 (0.61–1.57)
P=0.92		 1.13 (0.63–2.03)
P=0.69		 0.72 (0.39–1.34)
P=0.30		 1.23 (0.73–2.06)
P=0.43
Unmarried/living with other vs married 0.94 (0.52–1.68)
P=0.83		 1.41 (0.65–3.05)
P=0.38		 1.12 (0.54–2.35)
P=0.76		 1.58 (0.82–3.05)
P=0.17
Unmarried/living alone vs married 1.16 (0.75–1.80)
P=0.51		 0.93 (0.54–1.60)
P=0.78		 1.40 (0.82–2.38)
P=0.22		 1.48 (0.92–2.37)
P=0.10
High school graduate vs <high school 1.29 (0.83–2.00)
P=0.26		 0.99 (0.58–1.72)
P=0.98		 1.25 (0.73–2.14)
P=0.42		 0.93 (0.58–1.50)
P=0.77
Some college vs <high school 1.06 (0.64–1.76)
P=0.82		 0.86 (0.46–1.60)
P=0.63		 0.79 (0.43–1.45)
P=0.46		 0.91 (0.53–1.57)
P=0.74
College+ vs <high school 1.00 (0.56–1.78)
P=0.99		 1.01 (0.49–2.11)
P=0.97		 0.91 (0.45–1.84)
P=0.79		 0.84 (0.45–1.56)
P=0.58
Wealth $51,201–$147,000 vs <$51,201 0.86 (0.53–1.41)
P=0.55		 1.23 (0.66–2.29)
P=0.51		 0.89 (0.49–1.63)
P=0.71		 1.10 (0.65–1.87)
P=0.71
Wealth $147,001–$356,000 vs <$51,201 0.89 (0.53–1.49)
P=0.66		 1.18 (0.62–2.24)
P=0.62		 0.81 (0.44–1.51)
P=0.51		 1.88 (1.08–3.26)
P=0.03
Wealth >$356,001 vs <$51,201 0.93 (0.54–1.60)
P=0.79		 0.79 (0.40–1.55)
P=0.49		 1.09 (0.56–2.16)
P=0.79		 1.30 (0.72–2.32)
P=0.39
Income $15,581–$26,760 vs <$15,581 0.96 (0.59–1.55)
P=0.86		 0.93 (0.52–1.66)
P=0.80		 0.86 (0.48–1.54)
P=0.61		 1.04 (0.62–1.75)
P=0.88
Income $26,761–$45,980 vs <$15,581 1.00 (0.59–1.69)
P=0.99		 1.16 (0.60–2.24)
P=0.66		 0.85 (0.45–1.60)
P=0.62		 0.76 (0.43–1.33)
P=0.34
Income >$45,980 vs <$15,581 1.46 (0.82–2.60)
P=0.19		 1.71 (0.82–3.60)
P=0.16		 1.32 (0.65–2.69)
P=0.45		 1.08 (0.58–2.00)
P=0.81
Charlson comorbidity index score per one point increase 0.96 (0.89–1.02)
P=0.20		 1.00 (0.91–1.08)
P=0.91		 0.92 (0.85–1.00)
P=0.05 		0.95 (0.88–1.02)
P=0.16
1–4 depressive symptoms vs none 0.82 (0.56–1.18)
P=0.28		 0.81 (0.50–1.30)
P=0.38		 0.87 (0.55–1.37)
P=0.54		 0.65 (0.43–0.97)
P=0.03
4–8 depressive symptoms vs none 0.66 (0.37–1.17)
P=0.16		 0.58 (0.29–1.17)
P=0.13		 0.86 (0.42–1.75)
P=0.67		 0.88 (0.47–1.67)
P=0.70
Number of functional limitations per one unit increase 0.97 (0.87–1.07)
P=0.51		 0.99 (0.88–1.11)
P=0.83		 0.98 (0.87–1.10)
P=0.76		 0.99 (0.89–1.11)
P=0.91
Co-reside with child vs no children or missing 0.86 (0.36–2.05)
P=0.73		 0.62 (0.19–2.03)
P=0.43		 1.08 (0.37–3.13)
P=0.89		 0.64 (0.24–1.67)
P=0.36
Live within 10 miles from child vs no children or missing 0.90 (0.42–1.95)
P=0.79		 0.93 (0.32–2.66)
P=0.89		 0.94 (0.36–2.41)
P=0.89		 0.90 (0.38–2.09)
P=0.80
Live >10 miles from child vs no children or missing 0.91 (0.42–1.96)
P=0.81		 0.85 (0.30–2.43)
P=0.77		 1.18 (0.46–3.02)
P=0.74		 1.03 (0.44–2.40)
P=0.94
Have daughter vs not 1.22 (0.76–1.94)
P=0.42		 0.78 (0.42–1.45)
P=0.43		 1.30 (0.73–2.32)
P=0.37		 1.17 (0.70–1.96)
P=0.55
Hospital characteristics
Teaching hospital vs non-teaching hospital 1.15 (0.79–1.69)
P=0.47		 0.70 (0.42–1.14)
P=0.15		 1.30 (0.82–2.08)
P=0.27		 1.27 (0.84–1.91)
P=0.26
Midwest vs North region 0.66 (0.39–1.10)
P=0.11		 0.64 (0.32–1.29)
P=0.22		 0.50 (0.24–1.05)
P=0.07		 0.60 (0.34–1.06)
P=0.08
South vs North region 0.54 (0.31–0.94)
P=0.03 		0.63 (0.30–1.33)
P=0.23		 0.28 (0.13–0.61)
P=0.001 		0.57 (0.31–1.06)
P=0.08
West vs North region 0.73 (0.38–1.41)
P=0.35		 0.97 (0.39–2.40)
P=0.95		 0.54 (0.22–1.32)
P=0.18		 1.03 (0.50–2.15)
P=0.93
Bed number 200–399 vs <200 1.20 (0.79–1.81)
P=0.39		 1.61 (0.96–2.72)
P=0.07		 0.95 (0.58–1.56)
P=0.85		 1.78 (1.13–2.79)
P=0.01
Bed number 400+ vs <200 1.53 (0.95–2.47)
0.08		 1.68 (0.92–3.05)
P=0.09		 1.66 (0.92–2.99)
P=0.09		 2.07 (1.24–3.46)
P=0.005
Hospital authority non-profit vs government non-federal (public) 1.21 (0.67–2.17)
P=0.52		 1.88 (0.97–3.67)
P=0.06		 0.74 (0.36–1.52)
P=0.41		 1.28 (0.69–2.36)
P=0.44
Hospital authority for-profit vs government non-federal (public) 1.08 (0.55–2.11)
P=0.82		 1.91 (0.87–4.21)
P=0.11		 0.90 (0.40–2.06)
P=0.81		 1.34 (0.66–2.75)
P=0.42

Bolded figures indicate the 95% confidence intervals do not include one.

Abbreviations: MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

The primary outcome was a composite quality measure representing the number of 4 procedures (carotid imaging, cardiac monitoring, echocardiogram, and rehabilitation assessment) received within 30 days after AIS (ordinal scale with values of 0, 1, 2, 3–4).

Ordinal logistic regression models estimated the cumulative odds of receiving the composite quality measure (primary outcome) before and after including patient factors and hospital factors.

Logistic regression models estimated the odds of receiving the individual procedures (secondary outcomes) before and after adjusting for patient and hospital factors.

Adjusted models included patient factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, net wealth, income, Charlson comorbidity index score, depressive symptoms, functional limitations in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, marital status/living arrangement, geographic proximity to adult children, and having an adult daughter) and hospital factors (medical school affiliate or teaching hospital, region, bed size, and authority type).