Figure 6.

Aligning stakeholder goals is key to successful refugia management. (a) Each vulnerability element (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; see Figure 5) is influenced by fish, water quality, water quantity, and land-use management sub-elements; the relative size of each element reflects the largest sub-element (bold circles). (b) Illustrates a case where the institutions managing each exposure sub-element do not share the same goals for refugia, and exposure is increased due to failure to address sources of water quantity limitation such as water withdrawals. (c) Illustrates a case where there is institutional alignment and a common goal of creating and managing for refugial services; in this instance, exposure is reduced across all sub-elements, thereby reducing overall vulnerability.