Table 1.
Maternal characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women who delivered at two obstetric hospitals in South Australia, 2015 to 2018 (N = 1253).
| Variable | Vaccinated women N = 603, n (%) | Unvaccinated women N = 650, n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) 15–19 20–24 25–29 >30 |
50 (8•2) 157 (26•0) 233 (38•6) 163 (27•0) |
76 (11•6) 232 (35•6) 212 (32•6) 130 (20•0) |
| Race/ethnicity Caucasian Aboriginal/TSI Others |
492 (81•5) 7 (1•1) 104 (17•2) |
542 (83•3) 16 (2•4) 92 (14•1) |
| Household annual income in AUD <40,000 40,001–70,000 70,001–105,000 >105,001 Missing |
118 (19•5) 125 (20•7) 165 (27•3) 190 (31•5) 5 (0•8) |
184 (28•3) 157 (24•1) 153 (23•5) 146 (22•4) 10 (1•5) |
| Maternal education ≤ Secondary school qualification Diploma/certificate Bachelor's or higher degree Missing |
245 (40•6) 215 (35•7) 142 (23•5) 1 (0•1) |
311 (47•8) 234 (36•0) 102 (15•6) 3 (0•4) |
| Smoking status at 9–16 weeks’ gestation Current smoker Quit during pregnancy Non-smoker Missing |
43 (7•1) 67 (11•1) 491 (81•4) 2 (0•3) |
78 (12•0) 71 (10•9) 495 (76•1) 6 (0•9) |
| Illicit drug use during 1st trimester/pre-pregnancy | 29 (4•8) | 46 (7•0) |
| Multivitamin and mineral supplements use Pre-conception and 1st trimester 1st trimester None Missing |
157 (26•0) 326 (54•0) 116 (19•2) 4 (0•6) |
116 (17•8) 345 (53•0) 186 (28•6) 3 (0•4) |
| Moderate exercise during 1st trimester/pre-pregnancy ≥ 4 per week 1–3 per week Never Missing |
82 (13•6) 281 (46•6) 237 (39•3) 3 (0•5) |
68 (10•4) 300 (46•1) 276 (42•4) 6 (0•9) |
| Gravidity >1 | 165 (27•3) | 185 (28•4) |
| Pre-pregnancy asthma | 78 (12•9) | 90 (13•8) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) <18•5 (Under) 18•5–24 (Normal) 25–29•9 (Overweight) ≥ 30 (Obese) |
11 (1•8) 237 (39•3) 168 (27•8) 187 (31•0) |
15 (2•1) 255 (39•2) 181 (27•8) 199 (30•6) |
| Psychological measures at 9–16 weeks’ gestation Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores, mean (SD) State and trait anxiety (STAI) scores, mean (SD) Perceived stress scale (PSS) scores, mean (SD Missing |
5•5 ± 4•4 33•4 ± 11•0 13•0 ± 6•4 19 (1.5) |
5•4 ± 4•6 33•5 ± 11•1 12•9 ± 6•6 19 (1.5) |
| Influenza vaccine timing 1st trimester 2nd trimester 3rd trimester |
145 (24•0) 122 (20•2) 336 (55•7) |
NA |
| Gestational week of vaccine administration, mean (SD) | 23•0 ± 10•5 | NA |
| Received pertussis vaccination during pregnancy | 555 (92•0) | 398 (61•2) |
| Estimated season of delivery Summer Autumn Winter Spring Missing |
171 (28•3) 82 (13•6) 184 (30•5) 166 (27•5) 0 (0) |
163 (25•0) 224 (34•4) 135 (20•7) 127 (19•5) 1 (0•1) |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). SD= standard deviations. AUD=Australian dollars. BMI=body-mass-index.