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. 2020 Sep 15;18:249. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01714-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Caesarean birth rate of NFPCP participants in 2013–2018, according to participants region. a Caesarean birth rate of NFPCP participants in 2013–2018, according to participants region (cRate, crude rate; sRate, standardized rate). Participants’ region was defined according to their geographical location, including Northeastern, Northern, Northwestern, Central, Eastern, Southern, and Southwestern. b After adjustment for baseline characteristics distributed differently in the study period, marginal effect results revealed the changing amount of caesarean birth rate