Figure 2: Evolution of the Convergent Procedure.

The convergent procedure has evolved from the hybrid ex-maze’s (left panel) complex epicardial (blue lines) and endocardial (green lines) linear ablation set to the current convergent lesion set (right panel), which involves epicardial homogenization of the posterior wall (blue lines), followed by endocardial ablation (red dots) to complete the pulmonary vein isolation and a cavotricuspid isthmus line. IVC = inferior vena cava; LA = left atrium; PA = pulmonary artery; RA = right atrium; SVC = superior vena cava. Source: Reproduced with permission from AtriCure.