Table 3.
Prognostic factors for disease-specific survival after diagnosis of metastasis
| (Cox-proportional hazards regression analysis) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariable | |||||
| Variable | HR | 95%CI | p-value | HR | 95%CI | p-value |
| Male | 2.18 | 0.80–5.92 | 0.13 | – | – | – |
| Age (years)a | 1.02 | 0.99–1.06 | 0.24 | – | – | – |
| Time to metastasis‡ (months)a | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 | 0.019* | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.17 |
| Number of metastasesa | 1.18 | 0.97–1.42 | 0.10 | – | – | – |
| Size of largest metastasis (cm)a | 1.08 | 0.96–1.20 | 0.18 | – | – | – |
| Location of metastasis | ||||||
| lung (n = 9) | 2.28 | 0.87–5.39 | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| bone (n = 15) | 1.01 | 0.41–2.32 | 0.97 | – | – | – |
| abdomen or retroperitoneum (n = 11) | 1.65 | 0.59–4.02 | 0.32 | – | – | – |
| liver (n = 9) | 4.14 | 1.60–10.2 | 0.005** | 2.71 | 1.00–7.09 | 0.049* |
| NEDb following local treatment (n = 26) | 4.45 | 1.86–11.5 | 0.0007** | 0.36 | 0.13–0.95 | 0.040* |
| Chemotherapy for NEDb patients (n = 9) | 1.95 | 0.52–7.30 | 0.32 | – | – | – |
acalculated by unit hazard ratio, ‡Interval from primary diagnosis to the first metastasis. It was defined as 0 month in M1 patients
bNED: Status after completion of radical or semi-radical treatment for all of the remaining tumor
* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval