Figure 5.

Leaf extract of Abeliophyllum distichum ameliorates bone loss in osteoporotic models. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental design of the ovariectomized mouse study. (B) Representative μCT images of femurs of 18-week-old sham, vehicle-treated OVX, LE-treated OVX are shown. (C) Bone parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) were analyzed. (D, E) Histomorphometric analysis of bone. Tibial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining (D) and TRAP staining (E). Arrows indicate TRAP-positive osteoclast cells. (F) Parameters for osteoclastic bone resorption during bone morphometric analysis. Osteoclast surface per bone surface (Oc.S./B.S.), number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts per bone perimeter (N.Oc./B.Pm.), eroded surface per bone surface (ES/BS) are shown. (G) The larvae at 10 dpf. (days post-fertilization) were treated with 25 μM prednisolone in the presence or absence of LE (10 μg/mL) for 3 days. Whole-mount Alizarin red staining was performed to analyzed the mineralized bone. Relative vertebral bone density was assessed by measuring the areas of the first five stained vertebrae (V1—V5, indicated by arrowhead). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.