Table 3.
Risk of reporting a positive test for COVID-19, according to availability of PPE and exposure to patients with COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers (prespecified secondary analysis)
| Adequate PPE | Reused PPE | Inadequate PPE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | |||
| Event/person-days | 592/332 901 | 146/80 728 | 157/60 916 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1·46 (1·21–1·76) | 1·32 (1·10–1·57) |
| Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1·46 (1·21–1·76) | 1·31 (1·10–1·56) |
| No exposure to patients with COVID-19 | |||
| Event/person-days | 186/227 654 | 19/37 599 | 48/35 159 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0·96 (0·60–1·55) | 1·53 (1·11–2·11) |
| Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0·95 (0·59–1·54) | 1·52 (1·10–2·09) |
| Exposure to patients with suspected COVID-19 | |||
| Event/person-days | 126/54 676 | 36/19 378 | 26/14 083 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 2·40 (1·91–3·02) | 3·23 (2·24–4·66) | 1·87 (1·24–2·83) |
| Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 2·39 (1·90–3·00) | 3·20 (2·22–4·61) | 1·83 (1·21–2·78) |
| Exposure to patients with documented COVID-19 | |||
| Event/person-days | 280/50 571 | 91/23 751 | 83/11 675 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 4·93 (4·07–5·97) | 5·12 (3·94–6·64) | 5·95 (4·57–7·76) |
| Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 4·83 (3·99–5·85) | 5·06 (3·90–6·57) | 5·91 (4·53–7·71) |
All models were stratified by 5-year age group, calendar date at study entry, and country. Multivariate risk factor models were adjusted for sex (male or female), history of diabetes (yes or no), heart disease (yes or no), lung disease (yes or no), kidney disease (yes or no), current smoking (yes or no), and body-mass index (17·0–19·9 kg/m2, 20·0–24·9 kg/m2, 25·0–29·9 kg/m2, and ≥30·0 kg/m2). PPE=personal protective equipment.