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. 2020 Aug 28;11:911. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00911

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Copyright © 2020 Halász and Szűcs.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The vigilance dependence of absences. Left: Arriving to the critical vigilance state (hatches) from awake sate or from deeper sleep, AE prone patients display absences. Right: the jar- like formation represents the states of existence: lower part: NREM sleep, upper part: awake state, and handle of the jar is REM sleep. The critical zone for absences is in-between. (B) Night sleep of a typical absence patient. The perpendicular columns represent cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) A1 phases (phasic slow waves), the graph shows the number of spike-wake seizures: decreasing from evening to morning. (C) The distribution of absences across the sleep cycles. During slow wave sleep phase 1 (SWS1) and phase 2 (SWS2) synchronized spike-wave runs (absences) occur, during SWS3 spike wave paroxysms cease, scattered IEDs display (mainly individual spike-waves). During REM sleep, there is no spike wave discharge.