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Managerial applications |
Future research directions |
| Anticipation and early detection |
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Identify critical scenarios of disruption propagation according to epidemic outbreak dynamics
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Forecast the impact of possible propagating disruptions on SC performance
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Predict the time periods during which SCs can sustain disruption propagation and survive despite discontinuities
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Identify critical suppliers and facilities for maintaining SC operations
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Implement “Design for Resilience” network structures
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Select and fortify SC designs to sustain epidemic outbreaks
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Develop theories and models for disruption propagation analysis in supply networks with specific consideration of pandemics
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Visualize the ripple effect and structural dynamics
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Multi-categorical analysis spanning resilience and sustainability
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Examine new analysis categories such as network viability
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Investigate data analytics and digital technologies to earlier detect the disruption propagation following epidemic outbreaks
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| Containment |
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Stress-testing of SC configurations and production-distribution plans for some scenarios of structural dynamics in anticipation of facility/market closure due to quarantines
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Time-to Survive/Time-to Recover analysis
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Optimize contingency-preparedness plans for deployment under different scenarios of epidemic propagation
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Examine new understanding, theories, and novel approaches concerning SC preparedness and disruption mitigation during the beginning of epidemic outbreaks
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Articulate antecedents, drivers, and economic and social performance implications of simultaneous disruption and epidemic propagation
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| Control and mitigation |
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Analyze the impacts of disruption propagation in dynamics with adaptations of ordering, production, and inventory control policies
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Simulate and articulate operation policies amid the pandemic
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Explore reallocations of supply and demand during the pandemic given simultaneous disruptions in upstream and markets
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Re-design SCs for production shifts to unusual products (e.g., mask production at car manufacturing facility)
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Propose recovery plan selection with analysis of timing and scaling of facility/market closures and openings in different geographical regions
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Develop and test new theories, models, and resilience mechanisms for control and mitigation of disruption propagation in SCs with specific consideration of pandemic features, such as:
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long-term disruption existence and its unpredictable scaling;
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simultaneous disruption propagation and epidemic outbreak propagation;
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simultaneous severe disruptions in supply, demand, and logistics infrastructure
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Develop and examine digital SC twins to map network elements and adapt the SC according to disruption propagation and structural dynamics
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Explore the role of timing and scaling the production and logistics ramp-ups after quarantine and lockdown eliminations
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| Elimination |
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Incorporate post-pandemic environments in the re-designing of SCs
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Examine the existing and potential SC configurations under post-pandemic conditions in the supply base and markets
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Analyze the “disruption tails” and long-term stabilization of production-inventory systems
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Find optimal scaling and timing of production and logistics ramp-ups during the “exit” after lockdowns
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Examine SC re-design methods for severe structural changes in supply and demand after a pandemic (e.g., supplier bankruptcies and demand drops/shifts)
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Explore the concept of SC viability as long-term maintenance of survivability under different and ever-changing environmental conditions
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