Table 7.

Research Recommendations: Defining Mechanisms

1.	Samples should be collected from subjects with EVALI and other cohorts noninvasively (e.g., blood, urine, or sputum) and from the lung and gastrointestinal tract when symptoms are present (e.g., target organs) in a standardized fashion.
2.	Samples should be paired with preexisting medical information and vaping exposure information, ideally including vaping history, device use and modification, liquids used, etc., as well as detailed prior tobacco-use history.
3.	Chemical profiles of vaping liquids, power and temperature data of devices, and overall materials of tanks and cartridges used by subjects with EVALI should be documented and cross-analyzed with biospecimens acquired.
4.	Rodent models would be ideal for high-throughput testing of different compounds and for testing novel EVALI treatments.
5.	Nonhuman primate models of EVALI may be useful, as inflammation and immune responses are more similar to those seen in humans.

Definition of abbreviation: EVALI = e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury.