Table 1.

Food grouping used in the dietary pattern analyses.

Group	Items
(1) Starches	White & brown bread, phaphatha, rice, pasta, sorghum meal, mealie meal, baked, boiled, or mashed potatoes, sweet potato, tsabana, samp, mealie rice, dikgobe, madombi, breakfast cereals, fat cakes, millet, mageu, and kabu
(2) Legumes	Baked beans, red peas, black eye beans, tswana beans, texturized soy, soy milk, Bambara nuts
(3) Nuts	Peanuts and peanut butter
(4) Milk & milk products	Whole, evaporated, skimmed, powdered, and condensed milk, cream cheese, madila, mayere, cheese, ice cream, yoghurt, infant formula
(5) Eggs	Eggs
(6) White meat	Chicken with & without skin
(7) Red meat	Beef, lamb, nama ya pudi, minced meat, seswaa, beef biltong, pork
(8) Organ meats	Serobe, kidney, gizzard, liver
(9) Processed meats	Corned beef, sausages, pastarami, polony, bacon
(10) Fish	Fresh fish, canned tuna, canned fish, salted fish
(11) Yellow/orange vegetables	Butternut/pumpkin, carrots, lerotse
(12) Cruciferous vegetables	Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli
(13) Green leafy vegetables	Spinach, lettuce, chomolia, rape, morogo wa dinawa
(14) Other vegetables	Cucumber, mixed veggies, beetroot, mushroom, maraka, peppers, tswii, avocado
(15) Fruits & fruit juices	Orange, naartjie, grapefruit, pawpaw, mango, banana, apple, peach, pear, watermelon, grapes, morula, dried fruit, canned fruit, kiwi, strawberry, pineapple, moretlwa, mmilo
(16) Sweets & desserts	Candies, sugar added to tea, cookies, cakes, pudding, jelly, custard, jam
(17) Sweetened drinks	Fruit drinks, sodas
(18) Diet sodas	Diet sodas
(19) Hot beverages	Tea, herbal tea, coffee, chocolate drink
(20) Alcoholic drinks	Wine, rum, whiskey, gin, beer, chibuku
(21) Fats, oils, & dressings	Butter, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressing
(22) Savouries & fried snacks	Potato fries, cheese snacks, savoury meat pies
(23) Insect	Phane