Table 2.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among study participants by selected population characteristics.
| Variable | Hypertension among study participants (N = 3000) | Awareness among hypertensive participants (N = 880) | Treatment among aware participants (N = 302) | Control among participants on treatment (N = 107) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertensive % | p value | Aware % | p value | Treated % | p value | Controlled % | p value | |
| Overall | 29.3 | — | 34.3 | — | 35.4 | — | 29.9 | — |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 25–34 | 12.5 | <0.001 | 29.1 | 0.016 | 20.5 | 0.001 | 25.0 | 0.705 |
| 34–44 | 29.2 | 28.6 | 24.3 | 38.9 | ||||
| 45–54 | 42.7 | 37.3 | 37.0 | 32.4 | ||||
| 55–64 | 53.2 | 40.6 | 49.4 | 25.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 31.4 | 0.149 | 21.3 | <0.001 | 38.5 | 0.615 | 15.0 | 0.106 |
| Female | 28.6 | 39.3 | 34.8 | 33.3 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Wealth status | ||||||||
| Poorest | 28.5 | 0.701 | 33.8 | 0.001 | 28.4 | 0.446 | 52.6 | 0.143 |
| Poor | 28.4 | 24.1 | 35.3 | 33.3 | ||||
| Middle | 28.2 | 28.8 | 31.9 | 20.0 | ||||
| Rich | 30.2 | 36.3 | 36.5 | 20.0 | ||||
| Richest | 31.3 | 45.2 | 36.5 | 29.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Never married | 24.0 | 0.001 | 29.3 | 0.374 | 33.3 | 0.097 | 11.1 | 0.336 |
| Married | 28.9 | 34.1 | 32.2 | 29.4 | ||||
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 35.7 | 37.9 | 46.9 | 36.7 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Education level | ||||||||
| No formal education | 34.0 | 0.002 | 31.7 | 0.193 | 40.6 | 0.457 | 38.5 | 0.772 |
| Primary education | 29.7 | 35.0 | 35.2 | 29.5 | ||||
| Secondary education | 20.0 | 37.3 | 26.3 | 20.0 | ||||
| College/university | 35.1 | 7.7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Kilombero district | 47.6 | 0.092 | 38.4 | 0.014 | 31.1 | 0.089 | 28.0 | 0.687 |
| Ulanga district | 52.4 | 30.6 | 40.4 | 31.6 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Farmer | 29.5 | 0.588 | 34.5 | 0.492 | 35.3 | 0.566 | 30.0 | 0.457 |
| House wife | 21.5 | 35.3 | 16.7 | 100.0 | ||||
| Employed | 29.6 | 37.5 | 66.7 | 0.0 | ||||
| Business | 27.5 | 18.2 | 25.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Others | 33.3 | 46.2 | 50.0 | 33.3 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Current smoking status | ||||||||
| No | 28.9 | 0.052 | 35.0 | 0.122 | 35.3 | 0.859 | 29.7 | 0.850 |
| Yes | 35.8 | 25.4 | 37.5 | 33.3 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Current alcohol drinking status | ||||||||
| No | 28.4 | 0.022 | 37.6 | <0.001 | 37.0 | 0.183 | 27.4 | 0.107 |
| Yes | 33.2 | 23.0 | 26.6 | 50.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Use of raw table salt | ||||||||
| No | 17.7 | <0.001 | 17.7 | 0.001 | 21.4 | 0.262 | 66.7 | 0.158 |
| Yes | 31.4 | 36.0 | 36.1 | 28.8 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Fruits consumption/week | ||||||||
| 5–7 days | 26.5 | 0.598 | 31.7 | 0.825 | 70.0 | 0.004 | 28.6 | 0.534 |
| 1–4 days | 29.8 | 34.9 | 32.6 | 32.9 | ||||
| Never | 29.5 | 33.1 | 34.5 | 20.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Consumption of vegetables/week | ||||||||
| 5–7 days | 30.5 | 0.077 | 33.4 | 0.116 | 35.9 | 0.876 | 31.4 | 0.242 |
| 1–4 days | 25.3 | 37.4 | 34.3 | 25.0 | ||||
| Never | 36.6 | 13.3 | 50.0 | 100.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| History of diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| No | 29.1 | 0.008 | 33.4 | <0.001 | 34.3 | 0.044 | 30.3 | 0.753 |
| Yes | 51.7 | 86.7 | 61.5 | 25.0 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)) | ||||||||
| Underweight | 12.9 | <0.001 | 33.3 | <0.001 | 50.0 | 0.770 | 50.0 | 0.937 |
| Normal | 25.0 | 27.2 | 37.7 | 30.0 | ||||
| Overweight | 31.9 | 35.9 | 35.7 | 28.6 | ||||
| Obese | 41.9 | 45.9 | 31.9 | 30.0 | ||||